Medical Terminology 101
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| abdominal cavity | Part of the ventral cavity on the front side of the body. Holds the organs of the digestive and urinary systems.
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| anterior or ventral | Front side.
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| blood system | Includes blood and all its components.
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| body cavity | Spaces that hold organs.
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| cardiovascular system | Includes the heart and blood vessels, which transport blood throughout the body, carrying nutrients to and removing waste from tissues.
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| cell | smallest element; varies in size, shape, and function
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| connective tissue | The fibrous substance that holds and connects body parts together. (bones, ligaments, tendons)
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| coronal plane | Also known as frontal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
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| cranial cavity | Holds the brain.
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| deep | Through or away from the surface.
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| diaphragm | Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
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| digestive system | The organs that digest and excrete waste.
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| distal | Away from the point of attachment to the trunk.
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| dorsal cavity | Back side of the body; divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity.
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| endocrine system | The system that includes the glands that secrete the hormones that regulate many of the body's activities.
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| epigastric region | The area above the stomach.
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| epithelial tissue | Covers the internal and external body surfaces.
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| frontal plane | Also known as coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
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| hypochondriac regions | The two regions just below cartilage of the ribs, immediately over the abdomen.
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| inferior | Below another structure.
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| integumentary system | Consists of the skin and the accessory structures derived from it. (hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands)
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| lateral plane | To the side, as the eyes are to the nose.
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| left lower quadrant (LLQ) | The abdominal area that contains parts of the intestines and parts of reproductive organs in females.
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| left upper quadrant (LUQ) | The area of the abdomen that contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines.
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| lumbar regions | The left and right regions of the body in the back and sides between the lowest rib and the pelvis.
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| lymphatic and immune system | Include the lymph, the glands and vessels of the lymphatic system and the nonspecific and specific defenses of the immune system.
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| medial | Middle, as the nose is to the eyes.
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| midsagittal plane | Imaginary line that divides the body into equal right and left halves.
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| muscle tissue | Able to contract and expand, allowing the body to move.
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| musculoskeletal system | The system that supports the body, protects organs, provides body movement, and includes muscles, bones, and cartilage.
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| nerve | One or more bundles of fiber. Use electrical and chemical signals to transmit messages.
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| nervous system | Regulates most body activities and sends and receives messages from the sensory organs.
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| nervous tissue | Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body.
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| organ | Groups of tissue that work together to perform a specific function.
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| pelvic cavity | Bottom portion of the abdominal cavity; contains the reproductive system.
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| posterior or dorsal | Back side.
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| prone | Lying on their abdomen with their face down.
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| proximal | Near the point of attachment to the trunk.
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| reproductive system | The system that controls reproduction and heredity and is either male or female.
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| respiratory system | The body system that includes the lungs and airways, and performs breathing.
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| right lower quadrant (RLQ) | The are of the abdomen that contains parts of the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in females.
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| right upper quadrant (RUQ) | The are of the abdomen that contains parts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal tract.
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| sagittal or lateral plane | Parallel to the medial plane and divides the body left and right sections.
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| sensory system | Covers the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems that are involved in the reactions of the five senses.
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| spinal cavity | Holds the spinal cord.
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| superficial | Near the surface.
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| superior | Above another structure.
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| supine | Lying on their spine facing upward.
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| system | Group of organs that work together to perform one of the body's major functions.
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| thoracic cavity | Part of the ventral cavity, on the front side of the body; holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
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| tissue | Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function.
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| transverse plane (cross sectional) | Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally and divides the body into upper and lower sections.
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| umbilical region | The area surrounding the navel.
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| urinary system | The system that includes the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra.
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| ventral cavity | On the front side of the body, is divided into the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
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| iliac or inguinal regions | Two regions near the upper portion of the hip bone.
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| hypogastric region | The area just below the umbilical region.
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