| Question |
 |
|
| Answer |
|
|
| IGF-1 |
Growth hormone produced by the liver |
| Hypothalmus |
secretes somatostatin and GNRH whihc both act on pituitary gland |
| GMRH |
stimulates the pituitary to release GH
|
| Somatostatin |
inhibits the release of GH |
| GH |
works to create protein synthesis in cells, and works with the IGF-1 to cause muscle and skeletal growth. |
| Dwarfism |
GH deficiency |
| Gigantism |
excess GH in children; excessive linear growth |
| Acromegaly |
Excess GH in adults; enlarged hands, feet and facial features |
| Gynocomastia |
caused by marijuana; abnormally large breasts in men |
| Relevant growth history in infants |
bright wieght/length/height; pregnancy/birth complications; milestones/development patterns; disease or illness |
| Relevant growth history in children |
Age of menarche; growth velocity; sports and peer involvement; sexual maturity rating |
| Pregnant women relevant grwoth history |
Last menstrual cycle; wieght and weight gain; eating disorders (PICA); nausea/vomitting |
| Relevant growth history in older adults |
difficulty in obtaining or preparing meals; trouble eating/chewing/swallowing; trouble feeding themselves |
| Measuring weight |
no shoes or heaving clothing; ideally only in a gown |
| Measuring infant weight |
special scale in grams. Naked, no diaper |
| Hip Measurement |
Widest part of gluteal region |
| Waist Measurement |
Midpoint between illiac crest and costal margin |
| Waist/Hip Ratio |
Divide waist by hip. Should be less than 1 in men and less than .85 in women |
| High waist/hip ratio |
Apple shape. Associated with a lot of medical conditions |
| Height Measurement |
remove shoes. measure this in recumbent position until 2 years of age |
| Head circumference |
every visit until 3 years of age, measure largest circumference |
| Macrocephaly |
two or more standard deviations above normal distribution mean (rule out hydrocephally) |
| Microcephaly |
two or more standard deviations below normal distribution (causes mental retardation) |
| Arm span Measurement |
longest distance between fingers with arms abducted at a 90 degree angle from the body |
| Ballard Gestational Assessment Tool |
used within 36 hours of birth; looks at 6 physical and 6 neuromuscular findings; EGA < 37 preterm; EGA 37-41 term; EGA > 41 Postterm |
| Sexual Maturity rating |
in adolescents to dexcribe teh relationship to normal and abnormal pubertal development |
| Thelarche |
Breast bud, first sign of puberty |
| Menarch |
Development of menses; usually at SMP 3 or 4 |
| Premature Menarche |
before age 6 in African Americans and 7 in Caucasians |
| Adrenarche |
development of pubic hair |
| Precocious puberty |
premature menarche and adrenache |
| Males: first sign of puberty |
enlargement of scrotum |
| Early puberty for males |
before 9 y/o |
| Cushing Syndrome |
excessive cortisol production by the adrenal complex. Characterized by weakness, weight gain, hyperpigmentation, oligomennorhea and decreased testosterone |
| Achondroplasia |
genetic disorder resulting in decreased growth in cartilage in the epiphysis. Results in premature ossification |
| Pain Assessment |
JCAHO requrires on every patient |
| interpretation of pain |
unequal. Different for every person; note non-verbal communication |
| Perception of pain |
age, emotion, culture, sleep, development |
| Pain Scales |
1-10 |
500 Words
