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CCMA Exam
Questions to prepare for national certification (AMT, NHA, AAMA).
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are anthropometric signs? | Height and weight |
| What are vital signs? | Temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure |
| Schedule I Drugs | Illegal, high potential for abuse |
| Schedule II Drugs | Need written Rx, high potential for abuse |
| Schedule III Drugs | Limited dependence, potential for abuse |
| Schedule IV Drugs | Decreased chance for abuse, can be called in to pharmacy |
| Schedule V Drugs | Least chance for abuse |
| Signs | Objective, visual illness indicators |
| Symptoms | Subjective, implied illness indicators |
| Pharmacology | Study of drugs, actions, dosages, and side effects |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of the action of drugs within the body based on administration, rate of absorption, duration of action, and elimination from the body |
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of how drugs act on the body in specific cells, tissues, and organs |
| PPE order of donning | Gown, mask, goggles, gloves |
| PPE order of removal | Gloves, goggles, gown, mask |
| Normal adult heart rate | 60-100 bpm |
| Normal adult blood pressure | 120/80 mm Hg |
| Hypertension starts at | 150/90 mm Hg |
| Width of BP cuff? | 40-50% of arm circumference |
| Intramuscular injection | 90° |
| Subcutaneous injection | 45° |
| Intradermal injection | 15° |
| 6 rights of medication administration? | Patient, medication, route, time, documentation, dose |
| 55% of blood is made up of? | Plasma |
| Most important antisepsis for MA? | Hand washing |
| Normal body temperature | 98.6° F, 37° C |
| Time to wait before retaking BP? | 2 minutes |
| Highest level of infection control? | Sterilization |
| Phlebotomy order of draw | Yellow, clear, light blue, red, gold/tiger top, mint green, dark green, lavender, grey |
| Lavender tube additive | EDTA |
| Light blue tube additive | Sodium citrate |
| Green tube additive | Heparin |
| What is used to clean a routine venipuncture site? | 70% isopropyl alcohol |
| Antecubital veins | Median cubital, cephalic, basilic |
| Maximum heel puncture depth | 2 mm |
| Permanent fusion of an artery and vein | Fistula |
| Electrolytes | Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium |
| Where to apply tourniquet? | 3-4" above antecubital collection site |
| Maximum number of venipuncture attempts from phlebotomist or MA? | 2 |
| Maximum time to leave tourniquet on? | 1 minute |
| Needle angle for antecubital venipuncture? | 30° |
| Needle angle for hand venipuncture? | 10° |
| Needle gauge | Larger lumen, smaller needle |
| What are CEUs? | Continuing Education Units - maintain certification, i.e. participation in workshops |
| ECG | Electrocardiogram - Noninvasive test that records electrical activity of the heart |
| V1 chest lead | 4th intercostal space, right sternal border |
| V2 chest lead | 4th intercostal space, left sternal border |
| V3 chest lead | Between V2 and V4 |
| V4 chest lead | 5th intercostal space, left mid clavicular line |
| V5 chest lead | 5th intercostal space, left anterior axillary line |
| V6 chest lead | 5th intercostal space, mid axillary line |
| Grounding lead | Right leg |
| Limb leads | Right arm, left arm, left leg |
| Three layers of the heart | Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| Blood pressure sounds | Kortokoff sounds - 1st is systolic, 5th is diastolic |
| Contracting phase of the heart | Systole |
| Relaxing phase of the heart | Diastole |
| Pacemaker of the heart | SA node |
| Electrical conduction of the heart | SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His |
| Average amount of blood in the body? | 5 liters |
| The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the | Pulmonary veins |
| Heart has potential energy for the next cardiac cycle | Polarization |
| Heart relaxes and gains energy to pump | Repolarization |
| ECG horizontal line represents | Time |
| ECG vertical line represents | Voltage |
| ECG waves | P, Q, R, S, T |
| Segment | Line between waveforms |
| Waveform | Movement away from baseline |
| Complex | Several waveforms together |
| Interval | Waveform + segment |
| Four primary characteristics of cardiac cells | Automaticity, conductivity, contractility, excitability |
| Blood enters the heart from the body through the | Vena cava |
| The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the | Right atrium |
| Arteries | Carry blood away from the heart |
| Veins | Carry blood toward the heart |
| P wave | Atrial depolarization |
| QRS complex | Ventricular depolarization |
| T wave | Ventricular repolarization |
| AV node pause | 1/10th second |
| AV node firing rate | 40-60 bpm |
| SA node firing rate | 60-100 bpm |
| Anterior | Front of the body |
| Posterior | Back of the body |
| Lateral | Side of the body |
| Prone | Laying face down |
| Supine | Laying face up |
| Fowler's position | Sitting |
| Dorsal recumbent position | Laying on back with knees up |
| Sims position | Laying on left side with left arm and shoulder behind body, right leg and arm sharply flexed on table, left knee slightly flexed |
| Lithotomy position | Laying on back with buttocks on the lower end of the table with feet in stirrups |
| Machine for steam sterilizing medical instruments | Autoclave |
| Childhood immunizations | DTaP, HIB, MMR, HBV, VZV, IPV |
| Adult immunizations | Influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, tetanus |
| Pediatric dosage calculation | Child's BSA (body surface area) in m² x adult dose / 1.7 m² |
| Surgical hand washing | 10 minutes - hands, wrists, forearms |
| CC | Chief complaint |
| Dx | Diagnosis |
| Tx | Treatment |
| abx | Antibiotics |
| Rx | Prescription |
| Bx | Biopsy |
| STAT | Now, immediately |
| PI | Present illness |
| Dys | Painful, bad, difficult |
| NKA | No known allergies |
| NKDA | No known drug allergies |
| ROM | Range of motion |
| PH | Past history |
| ROS | Review of systems |
| FH | Family history |
| SH | Social history |
| c/o | Complaining of |
| prn | As needed |
| DAW | Dispense as written |
| sig | Label, give the following |
| sl | Sublingual |
| gt/gtt | Drop/drops |
| -tomy | Incise, cut into |
| -ectomy | Removal |
| -tripsy | Crush, break |
| -opsy | To view |
| -scope | Instrument used to view |
| -ism | Condition of |
| -itis | Inflammation |
| -oma | Opening |
| -ical | Pertaining to |
| HIPAA | Health Insurance Protection & Portability Act |
| Informed consent | Permission given with knowledge of possible consequences |
| Expressed consent | Permission given verbally or in writing |
| Visual acuity chart | Snellen chart |
| PPD tests for | Tuberculosis |
| Normal blood glucose | 70-150 mg/dl |
| Normal hemoglobin | 13-17 g/dL (men), 12-15 g/dL (women) |
| Normal oxygen saturation | 96-100% |
| Urine specimen collected to test for a UTI | Mid stream clean-catch |
| Best time to test urine Hcg levels | First morning urine |
| Most important hand washing factors | Friction, soap, warm running water |
| Universal blood donor | O negative |
| Infection acquired in a medical facility | Nosocomial infection |
| How many 1 mm boxes in a 6 second rhythm strip? | 30 |
| Average needle gauge for venipuncture | 21-22 |
| Best site for capillary puncture | Fleshy portion of ring or middle finger, slightly to the side of center and perpendicular to whorls |
| Why does the first drop of blood from a capillary puncture get wiped away? | Prevent tissue fluid contamination |
| Order of draw for capillary puncture | Lavender tubes, additive tubes, non-additive tubes |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Hypotension | Low blood pressure |
| Chronic bronchitis and emphysema | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| Tachycardia | Fast heart rate |
| Bradycardia | Slow heart rate |
| Tissue death from lack of oxygen to the heart | Myocardial infarction (heart attack) |
| Chest pain from lack of blood flow to the heart | Angina pectoris |
| Abnormal heart sound | Heart murmur |
| Heart fluttering, skipped beats, hard or fast beat | Heart palpitation |
| Hardening of the arteries | Arteriosclerosis |
| Device to help heart maintain adequate rhythm | Pacemaker |
| Test measuring blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing to se how the heart responds to stress - often performed on a treadmill | Stress test |
| Young, soft bone bends and breaks - simplest fracture | Greenstick fracture |
| Broken ends of bone do not pierce through skin | Closed fracture |
| Bone pierces through skin | Open/compound fracture |
| Bone is splintered or broken into many pieces | Comminuted fracture |
| Bringing two bones closer together | Flexion |
| Increasing the angle between two bones, resulting in a straightening motion | Extension |
| Movement toward midsection | Adduction |
| Movement of an extremity away from midline | Abduction |
| Recommended body mass index (BMI) | 19-25 |
| Total water in body weight | 55-65% |
| Instrument used to test neurological reflexes | Percussion hammer |
| Instrument used for auscultation of heart, lungs, and bowels | Stethoscope |
| Instrument used for taking blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer |
| Instrument used to view eyes | Ophthalmoscope |
| Instrument used to view ears | Otoscope |
| Basic two dimensional radiograph commonly performed in a physician's office | X-ray |
| Detailed radiograph that permits cross-sectional views of a body region | CT scan |
| Test using a magnetic field and nonionizing radiation to produce images of the body | MRI |
| Use of high-frequency, inaudible sound waves to produce images based on echoes | Ultrasound |
| Auscultation | Listening to body regions with a stethoscope |
| Manipulation | Passive movement of joints to assess extent of movement |
| Palpation | Use of hands and/or fingertips to assess/feel for positions and sizes of organs, masses, lumps, or other abnormalities; skin moisture/temperature, and joint flexibility |
| Percussion | Assessing density of body structures by tapping |
| Correct way to wrap a limb | Distal to proximal |
| Maximum amount of time before suture removal | 10 days |
| What should the MA note when changing wound dressing? | Color, odor, amount of drainage |
| # of thoracic vertebrae | 12 |
| # of lumbar vertebrae | 5 |
| # of cervical vertebrae | 7 |
| Undesirable affect | Adverse reaction |
| Hypersensitivity | Allergic reaction |
| Most serious heat emergency | Heat stroke |
| Surgical asepsis | Using sterile technique |
| Opening or separation of an incision site | Dehiscence |
| Open wound | Avulsion |
| First step in medical emergency | Assess responsiveness |
| What do you do if victim is breathing but has no pulse? | Chest compressions |
| Clear wound drainage | Serous |
| Bloody wound drainage | Sanguineous |
| Blood tinged wound drainage | Serosanguineous |
| Grey, green, or yellow drainage | Purulent |
| Symptoms of shock | Rapid, weak pulse and breathing; cold, pale skin |
| Color blindness test | Ishihara test |
| Test associated with rectal exam | Occult blood test |
| Test associated with vaginal exam | Pap smear |
| Position used for rectal exam | Sims position |
| Position used for vaginal exam | Lithotomy position |
| Instrument used for vaginal exam | Speculum |
| Position for patients with difficulty breathing | Fowler's position |
| Low blood pressure that occurs when standing up from sitting or laying down | Orthostatic hypotension |
| Positions used for orthostatic vital signs | Standing, sitting, supine |
| Forms of sterilization | Heat, liquid, gas |
| Components of autoclave | Stream, pressure, temperature, time |
| Instrument used to move instruments and supplies on a sterile field | Transfer forceps |
| Instrument used to grasp blood vessels | Hemostat |
| Scissors with blunt tip on bottom blade | Bandage scissors |
| Knives of varying blades and sizes used for cutting, dissecting, and incising | Scalpels |
| Instrument used to grasp, crimp, and move tissue | Forceps |
| Instrument used for scraping | Curette |
| Outer layers of skin removed from scraping | Abrasion |
| Top layers of skin are bruised and bleeding occurs below skin from blunt trauma | Contusion |
| Smooth cut made from surgery | Incision |
| Jagged cut with irregular wound edges | Laceration |
| Small, round hole in skin and tissues from a sharp, pointed object | Puncture |
| How many times do you invert a venipuncture collection tube? | 10 |
| Test that measures patient's response to various tones | Audiometry |
| Instrument used to measure volume and flow of air | Spirometer |
| Medicine administered between cheek and gum | Buccal |
| Medicine administered under the tongue | Sublingual |
| Medicine administered on the skin via a patch | Transdermal |
| Burn with only superficial damage | First degree burn |
| Burn involving epidermis, dermis, and some subcutaneous tissue | Second degree burn |
| Burn involving all skin layers and possibly some muscle and bone | Third degree burn |
| Excessive, uncontrolled bleeding | Hemorrhage |
| Low blood sugar | Hypoglycemia |
| High blood sugar | Hyperglycemia |
| Neurological condition often presenting as uncontrolled tremors or jerking movement | Seizures |
| Partial or complete loss of consciousness due to decreased circulation in the brain | Syncope |
| Skin makes up how much total body weight? | 18% |
| Muscle most often used for IM injections | Deltoid |
| Method of injection used to prevent irritation to subcutaneous tissues; skin is pulled to one side before injection and released after injection | Z-track |
| Temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain causing stroke-like symptoms | Transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
| Instrument used to test for auditory acuity and bone vibration | Tuning fork |
| ECG paper speed | 22 mm/s |
| Interruptions or disturbances in the ECG strip caused by activity outside of the heart | Artifacts |
| ECG movement that results from electrodes that are too tight or loose, dirty, or patient has oily skin | Wandering baseline |
| Absence of heart rate | Asystole |
| Heart beat that originates outside of the SA node | Ectopic beat |
| Uncoordinated ventricular contractions | Ventricular fibrillation |
| Ventricular rate of 150-300 bpm | Ventricular flutter |
| Atrial rate of 350-500 bpm | Atrial fibrillation |
| Contraction of ventricles that occurs early | Premature ventricular contraction |
| Atrial contraction that occurs early | Premature atrial contraction |
| Atrial tachycardia that occurs and subsides suddenly | Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
| Atrial rate of 250-350 bpm that produces a "saw tooth" pattern | Atrial flutter |
| Small block on ECG paper | 1 mm x 1 mm; represents 0.1 mV vertical and 0.04 s horizontal |
| Large block on ECG paper | 5 mm x 5 mm; represents 0.5 mV vertical and 5 blocks = 1 s |
| ECG 6 second rule | Number of complete complexes in strip x 10 |
| ECG 300 rule | Number of large boxes between R waves / 300 |
| ECG 1500 rule | Number of small boxes between 2 consecutive R waves / 1500 |
| Portable device that monitors heart rhythm continuously for 24-48 hours by electrodes attached to chest | Holter monitor |
| Study of the heart's electrical system | Electrophysiology |
| Dilation of an arterial vessel wall or heart chamber due to weakening or ballooning | Aneurysm |
| Hardening and thickening of the arteries with plaque and lipid accumulation | Coronary artery disease (CAD) |
| Heart fails to generate adequate blood output | Congestive heart failure (CHF) |
| Blood clot | Thrombus |
| Mass that enters the bloodstream | Embolism |
| Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that causes permanent valve damage | Endocarditis |
| Inflammation of the pericardium | Pericarditis |
| Impaired blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle | Mitral valve stenosis |
| Blood flow in the wrong direction | Valvular regurgitation |
| Disease of the heart muscle | Cardiomyopathy |
| Localized collection of blood | Hematoma |
| Removal of a small section of tissue for examination | Biopsy |
| Removal of dead skin tissue | Debridement |
| Five types of bones | Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid |
| Patient education steps | Identify topic and purpose, assess patient's ability and needs, develop plan, implement plan, document, evaluate patient understanding, reevaluate on follow up |
| Patient preparation for minor office surgery | Hair removal, skin cleaning, draping |
| DTaP vaccine | Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
| MMR vaccine | Measles, mumps, rubella |
| Cranial cavity | Brain |
| Spinal cavity | Spinal cord |
| Thoracic cavity | Lungs, heart, large blood vessels |
| Abdominal cavity | Stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys |
| Pelvic cavity | Urinary bladder, urinary structures, reproductive organs |
| Solid, elevated 1 cm lesion | Papule |
| Solid, elevated 1-2 cm lesion | Nodule |
| Elevated, fluid-filled lesion | Pustule |
| Flat, elevated lesion | Plaque |
| Condition of decreased bone mass and density | Osteoporosis |
| Type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the end of bones wears down | Osteoarthritis |
| Type of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the joints | Gout |
| Medical term for nose bleed | Epistaxis |
| Organ that produces bile and breaks down waste | Liver |
| Organ that filters blood | Spleen |
| Organ that produces enzymes for digestion | Pancreas |
| Organ that stores bile | Gallbladder |
| What is the function of lymph? | Sends leaked interstitial fluid into the venous system, assists with immunity, and helps filter blood |
| Condition in which blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells | Anemia |
| Involuntary muscle or other movement by patient seen on ECG | Somatic tremors |
| Destroying tissue by freezing | Cryosurgery |
| Cutting and cauterization of skin and tissues using an electrical current | Electrosurgery |
| Use of a special instrument to examine the inside of the body | Endoscopy |
| Use of narrow beams for diagnostic and treatment applications | Laser surgery |
| Tube containing serum separator | Gold/tiger |
| Tube used for coagulation studies | Light blue |
| How much urine should be collected for a specimen? | 30-50 ml |
| Needle gauge for intradermal injection | 25-27 |
| How many lb in 1 kg? | 2.2 lb |
| Body's ability to maintain normal state | Homeostasis |
| Room temperature urine specimens begin to deteriorate after | 1 hour |
| Chemical properties of urine | pH, blood, glucose |
| Components of urinalysis | Physical, chemical, microscopic |
| Three types of blood cells | Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes |
| Most abundant leukocytes in human body | Neutrophils |
| Leukocytes that increase with inflammation | Basophils |
| Essential component of hemoglobin | Iron |
| Breakdown of food into usable units to provide growth and energy production | Metabolism |
| Medication with quickest action | Intravenous |
| Age for baseline ECG | 40 years |
| Physical examination for patients 20-40 year old | Every 1-3 years |
| Age to start mammograms | 40 years (women) |
| NPO | Nothing by mouth |
| PO | By mouth |
| q | Every |
| h | Hour |
| ac | Before meals |
| pc | After meals |
| qd | Every day |
| qod | Every other day |
| qh | Every hour |
| bid | Twice daily |
| tid | Three times daily |
| qid | Four times daily |
| hs | Hour of sleep (bedtime) |
| qhs | Every hour of sleep (bedtime) |
| f/u | Follow up |
| cxr | Chest x-ray |
| d/c | Discontinue |
| Melan/o | Black |
| Leuk/o | White |
| Erythr/o | Red |
| Cyan/o | Blue |
| SOB | Shortness of breath |
| -algia | Pain |
| Nephr/o | Kidney |
| Hepat/o | Liver |
| Cardi/o | Heart |
| Ot/o | Ear |
| Opthalm/o | Eye |
| My/o | Muscle |
| Oste/o | Bone |
| Gastr/o | Stomach |
| Hemat/o | Blood |
| Pneum/o | Lung |
| Cost/o | Rib |
| Cephal/o | Head |
| Enter/o | Intestines |
| Hyster/o | Uterus |
| Oophor/o | Ovary |
| Salping/o | Fallopian tube |
| Orchi/o | Testicle |
| Gravid/o | Pregnancy |
| Prostat/o | Prostate |
| Phleb/o | Vein |
| Myring/o, tympan/o | Eardrum |
| -emesis | Vomiting |
| -pnea | Breathing |
| -emia | Condition of blood |
| -sclerosis | Hardening |
| -centesis | Puncture to remove fluid |
| -plasty | Surgical repair |
| -graph | Instrument for reading |
| -uria | Condition of urine |
| -lysis | Destruction |
| -rrhea | Flow/discharge |
| MA administrative duties | Greet patients, answer phones, update and file medical records, fill out insurance forms, schedule appointments, handle billing and bookkeeping, arrange hospital admission and laboratory services |
| MA clinical duties | Take medical histories, record vital signs, explain procedures, prepare patients for exams, assist physician with exams and procedures, perform ECG, collect and prepare lab specimens (urine, blood), administer medications and injections, etc. |
| Inflammation of lungs due to aspiration, bacteria, virus, fungus, or protozoa | Pneumonia |
| Inflammation of the bronchioles | Bronchitis |
| Stoppage of breathing | Apnea |
| Nasal drainage | Rhinorrhea |
| Painful urination | Dysuria |
| Kidney stones | Nephrolithiasis |
| Inflammation of the bladder | Cystitis |
| Inflammation of the stomach | Gastritis |
| Also known as acid reflux, condition that affects the lower esophageal sphincter | GERD |
| Erosive area on stomach lining | Peptic ulcer |
| Inflammation of the appendix | Appendicitis |
| Inflammation of diverticula in the colon | Diverticulitis |
| Master gland that releases numerous hormones | Pituitary gland |
| Gland that secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine | Thyroid gland |
| Glands that secrete corticosteroids | Adrenal glands |
| Gland that secretes melatonin and various neurotransmitters | Pineal gland |
| Deficiency in insulin production or poor insulin usage | Diabetes mellitus |
| Excess production of thyroid hormones | Hyperthyroidism |
| Underactive thyroid gland | Hypothyroidism |
| Demyelination of the central nervous system | Multiple sclerosis |
| Chronic seizure disorder | Epilepsy |
| Infarction of the brain due to lack of blood flow | Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
| Nearsightedness | Myopia |
| Farsightedness | Hyperopia |
| Double vision | Diplopia |
| Crossed eyes | Strabismus |
| Irregular curvature of the cornea | Astigmatism |
| Inflammation of the lining of the eyelid known as "pink eye" | Conjunctivitis |
| Accumulation of excess intraocular aqueous humor | Glaucoma |
| Clouding of the lens due to protein accumulation | Cataract |
| Infection and inflammation of the middle ear | Otitis media |
| Infection and inflammation of the outer ear | Otitis externa |
| Painful menstruation | Dysmenorrhea |
| Absence of menstruation | Amenorrhea |
| Bleeding in between menstrual cycles | Metorrhagia |
| Increase in bleeding amount and duration | Menorrhagia |
| First pregnancy | Primigravida |
| More than one pregnancy | Multipara |
| Pregnancy outside of the uterus | Ectopic pregnancy |
| Surgical removal of the uterus | Hysterectomy |
| Surgical removal of the ovaries | Oophorectomy |
| Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries | Salpingo-oophorectomy |
| Infection and inflammation of the reproductive tract | Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
| Yeast infection | Candidiasis |
| Uterine fibroids | Leiomyomas |
| Condition of pregnancy characterized by edema, hypertension, and proteinuria | Eclampsia |
| Excess protein in urine | Proteinuria |
| Accumulation of fluid in tissues, causing swelling | Edema |
| Miscarriage that occurs naturally | Spontaneous abortion |
| Scraping of uterine lining | Dilation and curettage (D&C) |
| Magnified direct inspection of the cervix to detect cancer or other abnormalities | Colposcopy |
| Test to screen for cervical cancer | Papanicolaou (Pap) smear |
| Removal of a portion of the vas deferens | Vasectomy |
| Surgical procedure to lower undescended testes | Orchiopexy |
| Inflammation of the urethra | Urethritis |
| Infection of the kidney | Pyelonephritis |
| Gradual, progressive loss of kidney function resulting in insufficiency | Chronic renal failure |
| Blood in urine | Hematuria |
| Condition characterized by painful, frequent urination | Urinary tract infection (UTI) |
| -rrhaphy | Suturing |
| -pathy | Disease |
| -plegia | Paralysis |
| -plasty | Repair |
| -graphy | Recording |
| -ostomy | Surgical creation of an opening |
| Branch of medicine specializing in infants, children, and adolescents | Pediatrics |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the elderly | Gerontology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in blood | Hematology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the kidneys | Nephrology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the ears, nose, and throat | Otolaryngology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in women's health | Gynecology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the eyes | Ophthalmology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in cancer prevention and treatment | Oncology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the heart | Cardiology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the liver | Hepatology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the skin | Dermatology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the GI tract | Gastroenterology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the endocrine glands | Endocrinology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the nervous system | Neurology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the lungs | Pulmonology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the medical use of x-rays or other radiation | Radiology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in pregnancy and childbirth | Obstetrics |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the urinary system | Urology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in joint conditions | Rheumatology |
| Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders | Psychiatry |
| Branch of medicine specializing in vein incision | Phlebotomy |
| What is the preferred collection site for venipuncture? | Antecubital fossa |
| Where to collect blood from an arm with an IV line? | Below the IV site or on the other arm |
| What does a general minor surgery tray contain? | 4 towel clips, scalpel, curved and straight hemostats, scissors, forceps, needle holder, sponges, sutures, and drapes |
| What does a suture tray contain? | Towel clips, curved hemostat, forceps with teeth, thumb forceps, sutures, scissors, needle holder, gauze, and drapes |
| What does a suture removal tray contain? | Scissors, thumb forceps, and gauze |
| What does a staple removal tray contain? | Staple remover and gauze |
| Common antiseptic skin cleansing solution used for surgery | Betadine |
| Proper solution for cleaning blood spills | 1:9 bleach solution |
| Main federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| Federal regulatory standards that apply to all clinical laboratory testing performed on humans in the United States | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) |
| Organization that accredits more than 21,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States | Joint Commission |
| Summary in the patient's own words explaining why they are seeking medical services | Chief complaint |
| Patient's past health status | Medical history |
| Medical history of the patient's biological family members | Family history |
| Patient's past and present exposures and personal habits, such as drinking and smoking | Social history |
| Interview technique used to question patients about organ systems | Review of systems |
| What is an appropriate technique to ensure the patient was listening? | Ask them to repeat back what you said (i.e. post surgery instructions, medications) |
| Neurological test used to determine balance when the patient is standing erect with their eyes closed | Romberg test |
| The average adult has how many liters of blood? | 5-6 |
| Imaginary plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves | Midsagittal plane |
| Imaginary plane dividing the body into upper and lower halves | Transverse plane |
| Imaginary plane dividing the body into front and back halves | Coronal plane |
| Intradermal injection needle length | 1-1 1/2" |
| Subcutaneous injection needle length | 5/8-1/2" |
| Intramuscular injection needle length | 1/4-1/2" |
| Machine that rapidly rotates specimens, using centrifugal force to separate substances; commonly used for blood and urine in a medical setting. | Centrifuge |
| How long should urine be centrifuged? | 5 minutes |
| Normal urine color | Straw |
| Container used for disposal of needles | Sharps container |
| When is the best time to collect a sputum sample? | First thing in the morning |
| What is the normal range for an HbA1c test? | 4-5.9% |
| Procedure used to remove earwax (cerumen) | Ear irrigation or lavage |
| Surgical removal of the gallbladder | Cholecystectomy |
| Surgical removal of the appendix | Appendectomy |
| Surgical removal of the tonsils | Tonsillectomy |
| Surgical removal of a kidney | Nephrectomy |
| What is a blood culture used to check for? | Bacteria |
| What color does gram positive bacteria stain? | Purple |
| What is Gram's method? | A method of staining used to differentiate bacterial species into two large groups, gram positive and gram negative |
| How long can culture and sensitivity tests be kept at room temperature? | 72 hours |
| What type of urine collection is required for culture and sensitivity testing? | Mid stream clean-catch |
| Documentation method used for charting - subjective, objective, assessment, and plan | SOAP method |
| Describes the patient’s current condition in narrative form, including chief complaint | Subjective |
| Documents objective, repeatable, and traceable facts about the patient’s status | Objective |
| Physician’s medical diagnoses for the medical visit on the given date | Assessment |
| Describes what the health care provider will do to treat the patient – ordering labs, referrals, procedures performed, medications prescribed, etc. | Plan |
| Scheduling two or more patients in the same appointment slot | Double-booking |
| Grouping of similar appointments together in the same day or week | Cluster scheduling |
| Specific number of patients scheduled at the top of the hour | Wave scheduling |
| Hour long scheduling blocks broken down into smaller increments, usually 10-15 minutes | Modified wave scheduling |
| Most common scheduling; patient given an appointment based on length of time needed | Time specific scheduling |
| Too many gaps between appointments | Underbooking |
| Protection against losses from illness, injury, disability, and accidental death or dismemberment | Health insurance |
| Insurance that covers only specific medical expenses | Medical insurance |
| Federal government program for those who qualify due to low income | Medicaid |
| Federal government program for those over the age of 65 or with specific disabilities | Medicare |
| Contracts to individuals or groups that cover specific medical expenses | Prepaid health plans |
| Health insurance provided to a group, usually employees, which provides coverage in the form of a lump sum payment or periodic payments | Group health insurance |
| Portion of expense that the insured must pay before the person is entitled to benefits from the insurer | Deductible |
| Arrangement in which the insured pays a specified amount for various services and the health care provider pays the remainder; typically payed at time of appointment. | Copayment |
| Reimbursement is made to the provider based on a predetermined reimbursement leveL | Prospective payment system (PPS) |
| Medicare Part A | Hospital insurance |
| Medicare Part B | Supplemental insurance; medically necessary physician services, outpatient hospital and physical therapy services, speech pathology, etc. |
| Medicare Part C | Managed care plans that save out-of-pocket costs + extra benefits such as prescription drugs, dental care, and eye exams |
| Medicare Part D | Prescription drug plan |
| Organization of hospitals and physicians who provide services to insurance company clients | PPO |
| Prepaid medical service plan where patients must use contracted providers | HMO |
| Covers most health care services for veterans, their dependents and survivors | CHAMPVA |
| Covers health care services for active military personnel | TRICARE |
| Codes used for reporting various diagnoses | International Classification of Diseases (ICD) |
| Current coding revision | ICD-10-CM |
| Listing of standardized alphanumeric codes medical coders use to report services | Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) |
| What are the four stages of the infectious process? | Incubation, prodromal, acute illness, convalescent |
| Organisms establish presence in the susceptible host | Incubation stage |
| Symptoms of infection begin to appear | Prodromal stage |
| Organisms are growing and spreading inside the host | Acute illness |
| Damaged tissue begins healing and symptoms resolve | Convalescent stage |
| What is the chain of infection? | Causative organism, reservoir, method of exit, mode of transmission from reservoir to host, susceptible host, and mode of entry into the host |
| What is the inflammatory response? | Body attacks and destroys microorganisms and renovates tissue after injury, damage, or death |
| What are the five indications of local inflammation? | Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function |
| What are the two indications of systemic inflammation? | Fever and increase of white blood cells |
| What are standard precautions? | Universal level of precautions used when caring for any patient |
| What are the three transmission based precautions? | Contact, droplet, airborne |
| Wearing gloves, gown, and shoes, and designating equipment use for a single patient is using | Contact precautions |
| Wearing masks, face shields, and goggles is using | Droplet precautions |
| Wearing a respirator is using | Airborne precautions |
| What is the role of the MA in surgical asepsis? | Monitoring the surgical field to decrease patient risk |
| What are the four environmental safety measures? | Fire, electrical, radiation, and poison |
| What temperature and time is used to sterilize instruments with dry heat? | 320° F for 1 hour |
| What temperature and time is used to sterilize instruments with steam in the autoclave? | 250-254° F for 20-40 minutes |
| Normal adult respiration rate | 12-20 breaths per minute |
| Healthy blood pressure values | Systolic 100-139, diastolic 60-79 |
| Hypothermia is defined as a temperature below | 95° F |
| What are the causes of hypothermia? | Shock, environment, exposure to elements, thyroid disorders |
| Fever is defined as a temperature above | 100.4° F |
| What are the causes of fever? | Infection, stress, dehydration, exercise, environment, thyroid disorders |
| What is the role of the MA in the physical exam? | Prepare and clean exam room and equipment, prepare patient by giving instructions, help with draping and gowning, and assisting the physician. |
| Size of capillary puncture blade for adults | 3 mm |
| Size of capillary puncture blade for children | 2.4 mm |
| What tests are CLIA waived? | Urinalysis (dipstick and tablet reagent), occult blood, urine Hcg, blood glucose, ESR, Hgb, Hct, strep A, and ovulation testing |
| What departments are used for blood testing? | Hematology, coagulation studies, blood chemistry, immunology, and microbiology |
| Invasive procedure performed to visually examine and take biopsies from the GI tract | Colonoscopy |
| Special scope used to visually examine the larynx, bronchi, and trachea | Bronchoscopy |
| Small device used to assess blood oxygen concentration | Pulse oximeter |
| Insertion of a catheter into a patient's artery or vein so that dye and x-ray viewing can be used for diagnostic purposes | Angiography |
| Pounds to kilograms | Pounds / 2.2 |
| Kilograms to pounds | Kilograms x 2.2 |
| What equipment is included on a crash cart? | PPE, CPR mask, one-way breathing valve device, bag-valve-mask, oxygen, first aid supplies, necessary medications |
| How do you control hemorrhage? | Apply direct pressure to the area, apply new dressing and continue pressure when dressing is soaked with blood, elevate area above heart level |
| How do you treat first-degree burns? | Apply cool compress for pain relief and prevent infection by applying a dry sterile dressing |
| How do you treat second-degree burns? | Cool skin with cold water or compress and apply a dry sterile dressing |
| How do you treat third-degree burns? | Cover injured area with a sterile cloth and apply cool sterile water or saline, keep patient in supine position with head lower than the body, remove any loose clothing or jewelry near the burn |
| How do you help a choking patient? | Perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrust) if patient is conscious, attempt to remove object in supine position if patient is unconscious |
| How do you treat chest pain? | Keep patient calm, warm, and quiet; monitor and record vitals, administer nitroglycerine per physician's order, apply oxygen, perform ECG, be prepared to perform CPR |
| How do you treat hypoglycemia? | Give a form of simple sugar (juice, crackers, candy), perform a finger-stick blood glucose test, give a form of protein (milk, meat, peanut butter) if level remains low |
| How do you treat hyperglycemia? | Notify the physician and follow orders |
| How do you treat seizures? | Move items away from patient, make sure clothing isn't affecting circulation, monitor for excessive saliva or vomiting and move patient to side if needed, allow rest and privacy, transport to hospital per physician's orders |
| How do you treat shock? | Assess ABCs, administer supplemental oxygen, position patient's extremities above heart level, closely monitor vitals, provide support, transfer to emergency services |
| How do you treat syncope? | Assist patient to lay down, apply cool cloth or ammonia to stimulate consciousness, assess ABCs, monitor vitals, elevate legs higher than head, keep patient warm, calm, and quiet |
| Breaking down of organic matter | Catabolism |
| Building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids | Anabolism |
| Chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life | Metabolism |
| What nutrients does the human body need for growth, energy, and development? | Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water |
| Deficiency of nutrients | Malnutrition |
| Which vitamins are water soluble? | B, C |
| Which vitamins are fat soluble? | A, D, E, K |
| Toward the upper body region | Superior |
| Toward the lower body region | Inferior |
| Front side of the body | Anterior |
| Back side of the body | Posterior |
| Skin makes up how much of the body's weight? | 18% |
| Common human phenomenon characterized by an intense fear or dread related to a known or unknown cause | Anxiety |
| Relationship between a person and his or her environment that arises when he or she feels pressure or overwhelming feelings related to a situation, event, person, place, or thing | Stress |
| A person's judgment of her or her own worth and value | Self-esteem |
| Who developed the Theory of Psychosocial Development? | Erikson |
| At what age would a child develop autonomy vs. shame and doubt? | 18 months-3 years |
| At what age would a child develop identity vs. role confusion? | 12-20 years |
| Who developed the Theory of Developmental Learning? | Piaget |
| What are the four periods of developmental learning? | Sensorimotor (birth-2 years), preoperational (2-6 years), concrete operational (7-11 years), formal operations (12-adult) |
| Who developed the model for the five stages of grief? | Kübler-Ross |
| What are the five stages of grief? | Denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance |
| What is the transferring of feelings for a threatening person, place, or thing to one that is neutral? | Displacement |
| What is the assignment of feelings or motivation to another person, place, or thing? | Projection |
| What are learned external behaviors and internal thought processes that are used to decrease discomfort and pain? | Coping mechanisms |
| What is the demonstration of behavior characteristics from a earlier developmental stage? | Regression |
| What are important communication skills for an MA? | Active listening, asking open-ended questions to gain further understanding, paying attention to patient's non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expressions, etc.) as well as verbal communication |
| At most, how many times should the phone ring before answering? | 3 |
| As an MA doing phone triage, how can you manage the physician's time? | Screening calls - refer necessary calls only and take messages for other calls. |
| What would violate HIPAA when leaving a phone message for a patient? | Giving any information about the patient's diagnoses, test results, medications, or procedures |
| Instance of negligence or incompetence on the part of a professional | Malpractice |
| Patient has been seen within 3-5 years, depending on the practice's policy | Active patient file |
| Patient has not been seen within 3-5 years , depending on the practice's policy | Inactive patient file |
| Patient is deceased, has moved, or has reached legal age limit | Closed patient file |
| What method is used to destroy a medical record? | Shredding |
| Medical records filed by the units of the patient's name | Alphabetic filing system |
| Each patient is assigned a medical record number and the numbers are cross-references with an alphabetic (master) file | Numeric filing system |
| Medical records are filed in coordination with number and/or letters and each letter, group of letters, number, or group of numbers is designated with a specific color | Color coding system |
| Who owns a patient's medical record? | The medical facility |
| Annually updated manual of prescription drugs | Physicians' Desk Reference |
| Documenting information in a medical record, including reports, test results, and consultation notes | Documentation or charting |
| Contains all rules and protocols relevant to the medical office | Policy and Procedure Manual |
| Drugs that prevent and treat infections | Anti-infectives |
| Drugs that prevent vomiting | Antiemetics |
| Drugs that relieve pain without causing anesthesia | Analgesics |
| Drugs that prevent and treat bacterial infections | Antibiotics |
| Drugs that reduce pain and inflammation | Anti-inflammatory |
| Drug administered through a vein | Intravenous (IV) |
| Drug applied to the skin | Topical |
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caitlime
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