Chapter 20 Ecology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| ecology | the study of all the interactions between living and non-living things on our planet.
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| ecologist | a person that studies ecosystems
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| ecosystem | all of the living things and non-living things in a given area
example: pond, forest, prairie
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| biotic factors | living things in an ecosystem
example: plants, animals, bacteria
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| abiotic factors | non-living things in an ecosystem
example: sun, temperature, water, rocks, air
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| population | all the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species
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| community | all of the different populations in an ecosystem (all living things)
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| habitat | the place where each organism in an ecosystem lives
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| niche | ways that living things obtain energy
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| producer/autotroph | organisms that make their own food from sunlight to get energy
example: plants, algea, plant-like, blue-green bacteria
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| consumer/heterotroph | organisms that eat other organisms to get energy (can be herbivore, carnivore or omnivore)
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| decomposer/saprophyte/detritivore | organisms that feed on dead things, recycling nutrients back into the soil/water.
example: fungi, bacteria
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| food chain | a diagram of the feeding relationship in an ecosystem
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| food web | diagram showing all of the possible feeding relationships among the organisms in a community. Is made of many different food chains ( arrows point in the direction of the energy flow)
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| energy pyramid | shows the amount of energy available at each feeding or trophic level
*less energy is available for comsumers at each higher trophic level
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| limiting factors | anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population. (includes both living and non-living factors)
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| carrying capacity | the largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support
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