Epidemiology
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| Microparasite | multiply in host body, short life span and small body, transient infection
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| sub-groups of micro-parasite attack | susceptible, infected but latent, infected and infectious, recovered and immune
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| incubation period | time from entrance to the body until the clinical symptoms appear,dependent on age, host organism immune system
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| latent period | organism enters non-active sites while immune system focus on responding to the organism activity. can be dormant for years
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| macroparasite | seen with naked eye, do not replicate within host, transmissible
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| epidemiology | study of occurrence,spread and control of disease.
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| data collection | observational and descriptive, analytical and experimental.
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| data result | record of disease affecting population, cause of transmission, risk factors, prediction of future outbreaks, control policy
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| infection | invasion of host organism with a disease causing organism
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| disease | pathological condition of an organism.
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| infectious disease | transmissible disease caused by entrance, growth and multiplication of microorganism in the body such as virus, fungi or bacterium
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| carriers | host taht show no symptoms of disease but shelter the infectious agent and can pass it to others
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| transmission in carriers | passing the agent
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| resistant in carriers | capacity of organism to defend and withstand the effects of disease
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| endemic | disease constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain sub group/ location
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| hyperendemic | equally endemic at a high level in all age group population
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| holoendemic | endemic in entire population of given area
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| epidemic | large no. of infection by a particular agent develops in short time and transmit rapidly to many individuals
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| panademic | widespread epidemic infection over continents
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| prevalence | no of all new and old cases of a disease during particular period
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| period and point | p ; defined period of time P: single period of time
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| incidence | measure of the risk of developing new condition in a time frame
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| seroconversion | development of detectable specific antibodies int he serum as a result of infection or immunization
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| descriptive data | collected during/after outbreak, analysis depends on data, info on demographic, geography, climatic, behavioural and personal situations,
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| analytical epidemiology | studies to test a hypothesis about disease and exposure relationship
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| case control | evaluate difference in people with and without disease, search in different time periods(retrospective).
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| Cohort study | identifies group of people exposed to the possible harmful agents and follow them for a period of time to see the effects in comparision to the not exposed. PROSPECTIVE : expected in the future
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| experimental | drug and vaccine trials, placebo, detailed planning and analysis, ethical issues, different reactions from different organism
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| mathematical modelling | descriptive, analytical and experimental studies, interpretative and predictive, widely applicable
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| herd immunity | degree to which community is susceptible to an infectious disease by reason of acquired immunity either by previous infection or prophylactic immunisation
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| B E I N G S factor of preventable disease | Biological & Behavioural, Environmental, Immunological, Nutritional, Genetical, Social
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| Vaccination | long term protection against infectious agents. protection offered to everyone in a community in order to decrease the likehood of potential breakdown to those who cannot get vaccinated
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| reasons behind epidemiology | history of disease, spectrum, community health improvementin diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, increase in quality of health service
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