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Epidemiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microparasite | multiply in host body, short life span and small body, transient infection |
| sub-groups of micro-parasite attack | susceptible, infected but latent, infected and infectious, recovered and immune |
| incubation period | time from entrance to the body until the clinical symptoms appear,dependent on age, host organism immune system |
| latent period | organism enters non-active sites while immune system focus on responding to the organism activity. can be dormant for years |
| macroparasite | seen with naked eye, do not replicate within host, transmissible |
| epidemiology | study of occurrence,spread and control of disease. |
| data collection | observational and descriptive, analytical and experimental. |
| data result | record of disease affecting population, cause of transmission, risk factors, prediction of future outbreaks, control policy |
| infection | invasion of host organism with a disease causing organism |
| disease | pathological condition of an organism. |
| infectious disease | transmissible disease caused by entrance, growth and multiplication of microorganism in the body such as virus, fungi or bacterium |
| carriers | host taht show no symptoms of disease but shelter the infectious agent and can pass it to others |
| transmission in carriers | passing the agent |
| resistant in carriers | capacity of organism to defend and withstand the effects of disease |
| endemic | disease constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain sub group/ location |
| hyperendemic | equally endemic at a high level in all age group population |
| holoendemic | endemic in entire population of given area |
| epidemic | large no. of infection by a particular agent develops in short time and transmit rapidly to many individuals |
| panademic | widespread epidemic infection over continents |
| prevalence | no of all new and old cases of a disease during particular period |
| period and point | p ; defined period of time P: single period of time |
| incidence | measure of the risk of developing new condition in a time frame |
| seroconversion | development of detectable specific antibodies int he serum as a result of infection or immunization |
| descriptive data | collected during/after outbreak, analysis depends on data, info on demographic, geography, climatic, behavioural and personal situations, |
| analytical epidemiology | studies to test a hypothesis about disease and exposure relationship |
| case control | evaluate difference in people with and without disease, search in different time periods(retrospective). |
| Cohort study | identifies group of people exposed to the possible harmful agents and follow them for a period of time to see the effects in comparision to the not exposed. PROSPECTIVE : expected in the future |
| experimental | drug and vaccine trials, placebo, detailed planning and analysis, ethical issues, different reactions from different organism |
| mathematical modelling | descriptive, analytical and experimental studies, interpretative and predictive, widely applicable |
| herd immunity | degree to which community is susceptible to an infectious disease by reason of acquired immunity either by previous infection or prophylactic immunisation |
| B E I N G S factor of preventable disease | Biological & Behavioural, Environmental, Immunological, Nutritional, Genetical, Social |
| Vaccination | long term protection against infectious agents. protection offered to everyone in a community in order to decrease the likehood of potential breakdown to those who cannot get vaccinated |
| reasons behind epidemiology | history of disease, spectrum, community health improvementin diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, increase in quality of health service |
Created by:
purespirit
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