2nd Half Fabish Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Changes in DNA are called ________. | Mutations
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| Where can mutations occur? | In sex cells AND body cells
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| The only mutations that can be passed on to offspring occur in these cells. | Sex cells
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| Who is affected by mutations that occur in body cells? | Only the person with the mutation
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| A mutation that occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off | Deletion
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| A mutation that occurs when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction (upside-down) | Inversion
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| An inversion reaction changes the direction of the ____ | DNA
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| A mutation that occurs when a piece breaks off a chromosome and attaches to a DIFFERENT chromosome | Translocation
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| When homologous pairs to not separate properly during meiosis, giving one of the daughter cells and extra chromosome and one a missing chromosome, the mutation is called ___ | Nondisjunction (not + separating)
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| This nondisjunction disorder is caused by having 3 copies of the 21 chromosome. | Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
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| This nondisjunction disorder occurs when an individual receives an extra X chromosome (XXY), and usually results in low fertility and developmental delays | Klinefelter's
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| This nondisjunction disorder occurs when an individual has only an X chromosome (X0) causing immature development and sterility. | Turner's syndrome
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| This genotype has been loosely linked to men convicted of violent crime | XYY
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| When two alleles of the same gene do not mask each other it is called ______ dominance | incomplete
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| Incomplete dominance results in a genotype and phenotype that is a ______ of two traits. | combination
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| What kind of traits are carried only on the X chromosome? | Sex-linked
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| Which sex is more likely to get a sex-linked trait? | Males
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| Why are males more likely to get a sex-linked trait? | They receive only one X chromosome (from their mother) so the recessive trait cannot be masked.
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| Traits controlled by more that one gene are called _______ | Polygenetic traits
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| Give an example of a polygenetic trait | Skin, hair and eye color are examples
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| What professionals study and help predict the chances of a specific trait being inherited in families? | Genetic counselors
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| What do genetic counselors do? | Help determine probability of passing traits, explain the characteristics of certain traits
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| What are some tools used by genetic counselors? | Pedigrees (Inheritance pattern charts) and karyotypes (chromosomes)
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| An organized picture of chromosomes removed from a cell and stained is called a ______ | karyotype
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| The procedure in which a large needle is used to remove a small amount of amniotic fluid from the uterus of the mother to obtain fetal cells. | Amniocentesis
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| Procedure which bounces soundwaves off a fetus to produce an image | ultrasound
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| A record that traces how a trait is inherited in a family and helps predict future generations. | Pedigree
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| Plants changes to produce certain chemicals that will kill certain insects that feed on them. | Genetically altered plants
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| Normal genetic material is inserted into a virus, which transfers it to infected body cells, correcting an abnormal condition. | Gene transfer
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| A surgery done on a baby in the mother's uterus using surgical tools and a camera. | Fetoscopy
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| What does genetic engineering (biological and chemical engineering) attempt to do? | Change the arrangement of DNA
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| DNA from one organism inserted into another | Recombinant DNA
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| What is one usage of recombinant DNA? | Insulin production - Large amounts of insulin can be produced when the DNA that triggers production is introduced into an organism, like bacteria, that reproduces rapidly.
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| The study of the interaction between Science and Nature that asks whether science should interfere to cause genetic changes. | genetic ethics
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| What influence does politics have on genetic science? | Politics can determine how much money is spent on research, which diseases are studied, and whether to allow genetic alterations.
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