1stExam Quantitative
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| Consequent (p.16 Chp 2) | The "then" statement within a logical proof
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| Control (Chp 2) | Process by which an individual both prevents personal biases from interfering with the research study and makes sure there are no other explanations for what is seen in the study
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| Data Analysis* (Chp 2) |
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| Empiricism (Chp 2) | Belief that science is only acceptable insofar as the phenomena in question can be "sensed" by average people
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| Epistemology (Chp 2) | Way of knowing
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| Explanation* (Chp 2) | Attempt to satisfy one's curiosity about an observable event
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| Falsification* (Chp 2) |
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| Generalization* (Chp 2) |
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| Humanism (Chp 2) | Belief in universal human qualities such as rationality, common history, experience, and belief
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| Hypothesis (Chp 2&5) | Tentative statement about the relationship between independent and dependent variables
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| Interpretation* (Chp 2&5) |
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| Label the phenomenon (Chp 2) | Giving the phenomenon a name
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| Negative (Chp 2) |
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| Objective (Chp 2) | The desire to create knowledge by examining facts through the scientific method without distorting one's findings through personal feelings, prejudices, and interpretations
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| Observation (Chp 2) | The part of the part of the scientific method where a researcher attempts to test the hypotheses created
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| Perception* (Chp 2) |
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| Perspective* (Chp 2) |
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| Prediction* (Chp 2) |
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| Presentation* (Chp 2) |
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| Proposition (Chp 2) | A statement that either confirms something or denies something
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| Research (Chp 2) | Investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws, and/or practical application of new or revised theories or laws
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| Science (Chp 2) | The study of natural phenomena through quantitative observation, theoretical explanation, and experimentation
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| Scientific Method (Chp 2) | Empirical process by which a researcher attempts to understand a phenomenon by using existing theories to make predictions, empirically observe the phenomenon based on the prediction, & lastly use the observations to refine orig theory
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| Scientific Problem* (Chp 2) |
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| Subjective (Chp 2) | Creation of knowledge that arises out of the researcher's own opinions and perceptions
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| Theory (Chp 2) | Proposed explanation for how a set of natural phenomena will occur, capable of making predictions about the phenomena for the future, and capable of being falsified through empirical observation
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| Anonymity (Chp 3) | When a researcher does not know who participated in a study or which results belong to which participants in a study
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| Belmont Report (Chp 3) | The 1979 report by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research that established 3 basic guidelines for working w/human participants: consent, beneficence, and justice
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| Beneficence principle (Chp 3) |
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| Confidentiality (Chp 3) | The treatment of info an individual has disclosed in a relationship of trust w/the expectation that it will not, without permission, be divulged to others in ways inconsistent w/the understanding of the original disclosure
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| Data Falsification (Chp 3) | Any time you manipulate or alter the data to achieve the results wanted by a researcher
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| Data Sharing (Chp 3) | Ethical principle by which researchers share their data w/other researchers to help further science
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| Exempt Review (Chp 3) | Level of review performed by an IRB where a protocol is determined to be exempt from the guidelines established in 45 CFR 46
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| Expedited Review (Chp 3) | Level of review performed by an IRB where a protocol involves no more than minimal risk, does not include intentional deception, does not utilize vulnerable populations, and includes appropriate consent procedures
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| Full board review (Chp 3) | Level of review performed by an IRB where a protocol involves more than minimal risk, uses intentional deception, or uses vulnerable populations
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| Informed Consent (Chp 3) | A person's voluntary agreement, based on adequate knowledge and understanding of relevant information, to participate in research
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| Institutional Review Board (Chp 3) | Panel of people at institutions that receive federal funds est.by Title 45, Code of Federal Regulations,Part 46,which reviews all research proposals for possible risks to research participants & to make sure that all research participants are informed...
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| Means & Ends (Chp 3) | Means: Tools or behaviors that one employs to achieve a desired outcome
Ends: Outcomes that one desires to achieve
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| Plagarism (Chp 3) | Any time a writer does not properly cite or give credit to source wherefrom he or she is getting information
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| Post Hoc Hypothesis Revision (Chp 3) | Revision of hypotheses once an individual receives her or his results
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| Privacy (Chp 3) | The individual control over the extent, timing, and circumstances of sharing oneself (physically, behaviorally, or intellectually) with others
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| Research Participant (Chp 3&5) | A living individual about whom a researcher obtains either: (1) data through intervention or interaction w/the individual; or (2) identifiable private information
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| Writecheck* (Chp 3) |
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| Abstract (Chp 4&5) | Accurate, self-contained, concise description of a research study
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| APA (American Psychological Assoc.) Style (Chp 4) | Components or features of a research manuscript that dictate how the manuscript should be presented beyond the scope of actual content as dictated by the APA's style manual
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| Author Search (Chp 4) | Database search for author's name in the author field
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| Bibliography* (Chp 4) |
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| Boolean Logic (Chp 4) | Form of symbolic logic created by George Boole that is the basis for electronic search engine technology
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| Citation (Chp 4) | When an author gives credit to another individual's thoughts
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| Paraphrase (ing) (Chp 4) | Including another author's ideas in your own words; involves summarizing or highlighting one or two important points
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| Primary Source (Chp 4) | An original document that examines a phenomenon (poems, diaries, court records, and interviews to research results generated by experiments, surveys, ethnographies)
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| Quotation (Chp 4) | Exact use of another author's words in your writing
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| Reference Page (Chp 4) |
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| Secondary source (Chp 4) | Restatements or analyses or primary sources
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| Subject Search (Chp 4) | Database search for key terms that the author has submitted to the subject field to describe the article or book
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| Title Search (Chp 4) | Database search of the title field for words included in the title of an article or book
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| Apparatus (Chp 5) | Any appliance or device used in the conduction of a study
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| Directional Research Questions (Chp 5) | When a researcher asks if there is either a positive or negative relationship or a specific significant difference between two or more variables
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| Discussion Section (Chp 5) | Section of a research manuscript that appears after the results section to provide an interpretation of the findings, acknowledge limitations, and propose future research
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| Instrumentation (Chp 5) |
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| Introduction (Chp 5) | The first portion of a paper that contains an attention-getter, a link to the topic, the significance of the topic, an espousal of the credibility of the writer, a thesis statement, and a preview of the main points of the paper
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| Literature Review (Chp 5) | Selection of available documents (unpublished or published) on a given topic that contain info from a particular point of that aid in a reader's understanding of pertinent literature prior to examining the results and discussion in a research study
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| Method Section (Chp 5) | Section of a research manuscript that discusses participants, apparatuses, procedures, and instrumentation
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| Nondirectional research question (Chp 5) | When a researcher asks if there is a relationship between two or more variables or a significat difference occurs between 2 or more variables
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| Null Hypothesis (Chp 5) | Hypothesis that predicts that groups will not vary on a dependent variable or that there is not a relationship between 2 variables
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| One-tailed hypothesis (Chp 5) | Hypothesis that predicts the specific nature of the relationship or difference
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| Procedures (Chp 5) | The sequence of actions or instructions researcher follows while conducting a study
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| Research Question (Chp 5) | Explicit question researches ask about variables of interest
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| Results Section (Chp 5) | Section of a research manuscript in which a researcher presents her or his empirical findings
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| Two-tailed hypothesis (Chp 5) | Hypothesis that predicts a significant relationship or difference, but does not indicate the specific nature of the relationship
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| Antecedent variable (Chp 2&6) | Variable that occurs prior to the experiment that could impact the way an independent variable or dependent variable functions
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| Intervening Variable (Chp 6) | Variable that interviews between the independent variable and the dependent variable
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| Likert Scale (Chp 6) | Scale in which participants are presented w/a declarative statement and then asked to respond statements w/a range of possible choices: strong disagree, disagree, neither agree or disagree, agree, or strong agree
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| Negative Relationship (Chp 6) | When a decrease in one variable corresponds to an increase in the other variable or vice versa
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| Positive Relationship (Chp 6) | When an increase in one variable corresponds to an increase in another variable or a decrease in a variable corresponds to a decrease in another variable
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| Semantic differential (Chp 6) | Type of research scale that asks respondents to rate their opinion on a linear scale that exists between two endpoints that have opposite meanings (Good/bad, Dirty/clean, Slow/fast, Weak/strong, Light/heavy, Moral/immoral, etc)
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| SPSS* (Chp 6) |
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| Subscales* (Chp 6) | A subdivision of a research measure
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| Nominal Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) | Qualitative variable in which categories are mutually exclusive, equivalent, and exhaustive where the categories are not numerically oriented
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| Ordinal Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) | Qualitative variable in which categories are mutually exclusive, equivalent, exhaustive, where the categories represent clear numerical gradients, which allows for the rank ordering of the categories
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| Interval Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) | Variable in which the values of the categories are classified in a logical order that represents equal distances between level within each category
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| Ratio Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) | Variable in which the values of the categories are classified in a logical order that represents equal distances between levels w/in each category w/the presence of an absolute zero point
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| Scale Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) |
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| Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) | Any entity that can take on different values
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| Dependent Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) | Measured variable in a study who changes are determined by changes in one or more independent variables
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| Independent Variable (Chp 6 Type of Data) | (1)Variable whose numeric value determines the value of other variables. (2)Part of the research experiment that is manipulate or changed
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| Controlled* |
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