colligative properties and electrolytic functions
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| electrolytes | Compounds that dissociate into ions in water
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| nonelectrolytes | are chemical compounds that remain bound together when dissolved in a solution and do not conduct electricity
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| strong electrolyte | a solution in which a large portion of the solute exists as ions
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| weak electrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions
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| electrolyte balance | Essential for fluid balance, blood pressure, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction.
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| foods highest in mineral | rich electrolytes
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| bananas | rich source of potassium
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| kidneys | regulate the electrolyte balance by filtering out excess ions
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| hyponatremia | Abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood
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| symptoms of hyponatremia | ...headache, muscle weakness, fatigue, apathy, confusion, abd. cramps, & orthostatic hypotension.
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| danger of heavy exercise | excess loss of electrolytes in your sweat, particularly sodium and potassium.
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| fluid intake | is critical to maintaining electrolyte balance
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| drop in blood sodium levels | stimulates the kidneys to produce more urine...restoring the sodium levels by lowering the amount of water in the blood
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| results of high sodium levels in the blood | (1) the body develops a thirst, and (2) the brain stimulates the kidneys to produce less urine...both actions result in the dilution of the sodium in the blood; restoring the balance
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| Hypernatremia | An ELEVATION of SODIUM in the blood either from dehydration, or increased sodium intake or retention.
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| Hypokalemia | A condition in which an inadequate amount of potassium
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| Hyperkalemia | An abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood
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| osmotic pressure | Pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane
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| fluid balance | fluids and electrolytes leaving the body should be equal to the amounts being taken in
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| Hydrostatic pressure | regulate the movement of water and electrolytes from one compartment to another.
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| water balance | exists when water intake equals water output
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| daily water intake | About 60% of daily water is gained from drinking, another 30% comes from moist foods, and 10% from the water of metabolism.
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| thirst mechanism | is the primary regulator of water intake.
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| water output | urine, feces, perspiration, evaporation and through breathing
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| electrolytes of greatest importance | sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions.
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| body water content of infants | about 73%,
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| body water content of men | 60%
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| body water content of women | about 50% because they have relatively more body fat and less skeletal muscle than men
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