6th grade European History Vocabulary terms
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| cartography | mapmaking
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| Crusades | military expeditions sent from 1096 to 1272 by various popes to capture the Holy Land from Muslim Turks
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| Pope | the leader of the Roman Catholic Church
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| colony | a foreign area controlled by a country and contributing to its wealth
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| Great Britain | the united countries of England, Scotland, and Wales, a union that dated from the early 1700s
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| penal | describes a prison
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| Scramble for Africa | the division of much of Africa among European countries between 1885 and 1910
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| nationalism | the love of one's country
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| militarism | using strong armies and threats of war
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| Allied Powers | the alliance of Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States during World War I
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| Ottoman Empire | Turkey and its colonies
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| Central Powers | the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I
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| World War I | European conflict from 1914 to 1918; also known as the Great War and "the war to end all wars"
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| World War II | worldwide conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945
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| czar | the absolute ruler of Russia before 1917
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| stock market crash | occurs when the value of stocks falls quickly and deeply
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| economic depression | a hard time in the economy when businesses, banks, factories close and people lose their jobs; buying and selling almost stops
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| Nazi Party | National Socialist Party of Germany's Adolf Hitler
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| Genocide | the planned killing of a race of people
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| Holocaust | the systematic killing of 6 million Jews and others by the Nazis before and during World War II
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| Cold War | a period of distrust and misunderstanding between the Soviet Union and its former allies in the West, particularly the United States
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | an alliance of the United States, Canada, and its western European allies; formed after World War II
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| circumnavigate | to sail completely around
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| imperialism | the practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country or territory
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| capitalism | an economic system in which the factories and businesses that make and sell goods are privately owned and the owners make the decisions about what goods to produce
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| Russian Revolution | the 1917 revolution that removed the Russian monarchy from power after it had ruled for 400 years
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| colonialism | a system by which a country maintains colonies outside its borders
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| Austria-Hungary | in the 1900s, a dual monarchy in which the Hapsburg emperor ruled both Austria and Hungary
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| dual monarchy | a form of government in which one ruler governs two nations
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| alliance | an agreement among people or nations to unite for a common cause and to help any alliance member that is attacked
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| fascism | a political philosophy that promotes a strong, central government controlled by the military and led by a powerful dictator
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