study guide for rocks
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Crust | The layer of rock that forms the earth surface
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| Mantle | The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core
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| Core | the center of the earth that is made of two parts the inner core and the outer core both are made of iron and nickel.
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| Constructive force | A force that builds up mountains and landmasses on Earth's surface
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| Destructive focre | A force that slowly wears away mountains and other features on the surface of the Earth
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| Lithosphere | A ridged layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust
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| Asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats
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| What rock makes up oceanic crust | Balsalt
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| What rock makes up continental crust | Granite
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| Radiation | The transfer of energy througth an empty space
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| Convection | The transfer of heat by movement of aheated fluid
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| Conduction | The transfer of heat by direct contact of particals of matter
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| Theory of continetal drift | The hypotheis that the continets slowly move across Earth's surface
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| Alfred Wegener | A young German scientest who became curious about the relationship of the continets: came up withTheory of continetal drift
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| Pangea | The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents
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| Mid Ocean Ridge | The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary
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| Subduction | The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
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| Theory of plate tectonics | The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
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| Convergent boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
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| Divergent boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
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| Transform boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
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| Faults | break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other
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| Shearing | Stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions
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| Tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
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| Compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
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| Strike Slip faults | faults are caused by shearing where the rock on each side of the fault moves sideways past each other
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| Normal Fault | Caused by tension forces which causes the hanging wall to slip downward from the footwall
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| Reverse Faults | caused by compression forces which causes the hanging wall to push back into the footwall
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| Seismic waves | Vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying the energy released during a earthquake
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| 3 type of sesmic waves | P waves, S wave, Surface waves
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| P waves | 1st waves to arive to surface compresses and expand like and accordion: travel through solids like and liquids
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| S waves | Come after the p waves shake ground back and fourth shake structures vionlently: cannot move through liquids
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| Surface waves | when some P and S waves reach surface some might become surface waves, move slower then P and S waves, produce the most severe grounnd movements
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| The Mercalli Scale | A scale that rates earthquakes accodring to thier intensity and how much damage they cause
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| The Richter Scale | A scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a particcular type of mechanical
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| Moment Magnitude Scale | A scale that rates earthquakes buestimateing the total energy released by an earthquakes
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