Volcanoes and Earthquakes - Jordan R.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| continental drift | Wegener's hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and driften slowly to their current positions
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| Pangaea | large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together
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| seafloor spreading | Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge
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| plate techtonics | theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle
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| plate | a large section of Earth's oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenospere
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| lithosphere | rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick, made fo the crust and a part of the upper mantle
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| asthenosphere | plasticlike layer of Earth on which the lithospheric plates float and move around
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| convection current | current in Earth's mantle that transfers heat in Earth's interior and is the driving force for plate techtonics
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| earthquake | vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault
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| primary waves | seismic wave that moves rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travels
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| secondary waves | seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave
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| surface waves | seismic wave that moves rock particles up-and-down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion
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| epicenter | point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
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| seismograph | instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived
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| volcano | opening in Earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava; can form at Earth's plate boundaries, where plates move apart or together, and at hot spots
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| vent | opening when magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth's surface as lava, forming a volcano
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| crater | steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent
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| hot spot | the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust
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| shield volcano | broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava
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| cinder cone volcano | steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground
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| composite volcano | volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly wher Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other (subduction)
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| tephra | bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption; range sin size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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Created by:
Jordan Raver
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