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Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 20

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Term
Definition
Significance
Time Period
Chapter
Region
Otto I   Otto of Saxony rose in northern Germany by the mid-tenth century   Pope John XII proclaimed him emperor in 962: birth of Holy Roman Empire   (blank)   20   Europe  
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Investiture contest   Formerly, important church officials were appointed by imperial authorities   Gave church lots of power   (blank)   20   Europe  
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Frederick Barbarossa   Sought to absorb Lombardy in north Italy   Papal coalition forced Barbarossa to relinquish his rights in Lombardy   (blank)   20   Europe  
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Capetian France   Hugh Capet founded dynasty from 987   lasted three centuries   (blank)   20   Europe  
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The Normans   were descendents of Vikings in Normandy, France   Duke William of Normandy invaded England in 1066   (blank)   20   Europe  
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(blank)   (blank)   (blank)   (blank)   20   Europe  
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(blank)   (blank)   (blank)   (blank)   20   Europe  
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(blank)   (blank)   (blank)   (blank)   20   Europe  
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(blank)   (blank)   (blank)   (blank)   20   Europe  
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(blank)   (blank)   (blank)   (blank)   20   Europe  
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Cathedral Schools   Schools organized in France and Northern Italy by bishops and archbishops in early 11th century   Latin became official language, Roman Catholic church grew stronger and more influential, philosophy and theology were studied   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Scholasticism   Theology whose intention was to combine Christian values/beliefs with Greek philosphy   appealed to the sophisticated elite, considered the most advanced knowledge at the time   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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St. Thomas Aquinas   Most famous Scholastic theologian, lived 1225-1274   Incorporated his Catholic beliefs in God with Aristotle's reason, reinforced beliefs with rational thought   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Sacraments   Holy rituals that bring spiritual blessing to observants   Brought individuals closer to church, encouraged frequent attendance to services   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Virgin Mary   Mother of Jesus Christ, most popular saint   Hundreds of churches dedicated to her, symbolized womanhood, love, sympathy   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Saint's Relics   Collections of relics and physical remains of saints and holy figures   Promoted veneration and admiration of saints, led to materialism and corruption of the church   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Pilgrimage   Many pilgrims visited European cities known for Catholic significance   Massive number of pilgrims required travel industry, inns and guides established to help them, commercial profit for many   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Dominicans and Franciscans   Individuals including St. Dominic and St. Francis who sought to revive spiritual values of the church by organizing mendicants ("beggers")- orders of people that lived in poverty   Contributed to the acknowledgement of spiritual values over materialism, spread Catholicism   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Waldensians   Group of people who opposed Roman Catholic church due to corruption, lived modestly   Criticism of the church/clergy attracted many, some still survive today   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Cathars(Albigensians)   People who adopted heretical teachings, viewed material world as evil, lived ascetically   Rejected Roman Catholic church, contributed to ideas of its corruption in the Mediterranean   1000C.E.-1300C.E.   20   Western Europe  
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Leif Ericsson   Son of Eric the Red. Conquered parts of Greenland and founded Newfoundland in Canada.   The founding of Newfoundland gave many resources to the expnading Scandinavian Vikings.   1000 C.E.   20   Scandinavia  
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Vinland   Part of Newfoundland that Leif Ericsson founded.   Vinland was full of timber, fish, and wild grapes, which made excellent terms for living.   1000 C.E.   20   Newfoundland, Canada  
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Templars   Order of religious military Christians.   Fought Muslims and pagans for the Roman Catholic Church.   1100-1200 C.E.   20   Baltics  
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Hospitallers   Order of religious military Christians.   Fought Muslims and pagans for the Roman Catholic Church.   1100-1200 C.E.   20   Baltics  
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Teutonic Knights   Order of religious military Christians.   Fought Muslims and pagans for the Roman Catholic Church.   1100-1200 C.E.   20   Baltics  
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Robert Guiscard   Norman Christian who fought for Sicily.   Conquered Sicily from Muslim holders from the tenth century.   1090 C.E.   20   Sicily  
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Reconquista   The recapturing of Spain from the Muslims.   A small Christian state in Catalonia captured most of Spain from Muslims in less than a century.   1150 C.E.   20   Iberian Peninsula  
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Pope Urban II   Pope in the twelfth century of the Roman Catholic Christians.   Launched crusades to capture Jerusalem   1095 C.E.   20   Europe  
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First Crusade   French and Normans captured Jerusalem from the Muslims.   Pope had control of Jerusalem until Saladin captured it in 1187 C.E.   1096-1099 C.E.   20   Jerusalem  
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Peter the Hermit   Supported Pope Urban II's launching of the crusades.   Organized a small, untrained army to capture Jerusalem.   1095 C.E.   20   Palestine  
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