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AP World History
Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 20
Term | Definition | Significance | Time Period | Chapter | Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Otto I | Otto of Saxony rose in northern Germany by the mid-tenth century | Pope John XII proclaimed him emperor in 962: birth of Holy Roman Empire | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
Investiture contest | Formerly, important church officials were appointed by imperial authorities | Gave church lots of power | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
Frederick Barbarossa | Sought to absorb Lombardy in north Italy | Papal coalition forced Barbarossa to relinquish his rights in Lombardy | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
Capetian France | Hugh Capet founded dynasty from 987 | lasted three centuries | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
The Normans | were descendents of Vikings in Normandy, France | Duke William of Normandy invaded England in 1066 | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
(blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
(blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
(blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
(blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
(blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | 20 | Europe |
Cathedral Schools | Schools organized in France and Northern Italy by bishops and archbishops in early 11th century | Latin became official language, Roman Catholic church grew stronger and more influential, philosophy and theology were studied | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Scholasticism | Theology whose intention was to combine Christian values/beliefs with Greek philosphy | appealed to the sophisticated elite, considered the most advanced knowledge at the time | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
St. Thomas Aquinas | Most famous Scholastic theologian, lived 1225-1274 | Incorporated his Catholic beliefs in God with Aristotle's reason, reinforced beliefs with rational thought | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Sacraments | Holy rituals that bring spiritual blessing to observants | Brought individuals closer to church, encouraged frequent attendance to services | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Virgin Mary | Mother of Jesus Christ, most popular saint | Hundreds of churches dedicated to her, symbolized womanhood, love, sympathy | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Saint's Relics | Collections of relics and physical remains of saints and holy figures | Promoted veneration and admiration of saints, led to materialism and corruption of the church | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Pilgrimage | Many pilgrims visited European cities known for Catholic significance | Massive number of pilgrims required travel industry, inns and guides established to help them, commercial profit for many | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Dominicans and Franciscans | Individuals including St. Dominic and St. Francis who sought to revive spiritual values of the church by organizing mendicants ("beggers")- orders of people that lived in poverty | Contributed to the acknowledgement of spiritual values over materialism, spread Catholicism | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Waldensians | Group of people who opposed Roman Catholic church due to corruption, lived modestly | Criticism of the church/clergy attracted many, some still survive today | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Cathars(Albigensians) | People who adopted heretical teachings, viewed material world as evil, lived ascetically | Rejected Roman Catholic church, contributed to ideas of its corruption in the Mediterranean | 1000C.E.-1300C.E. | 20 | Western Europe |
Leif Ericsson | Son of Eric the Red. Conquered parts of Greenland and founded Newfoundland in Canada. | The founding of Newfoundland gave many resources to the expnading Scandinavian Vikings. | 1000 C.E. | 20 | Scandinavia |
Vinland | Part of Newfoundland that Leif Ericsson founded. | Vinland was full of timber, fish, and wild grapes, which made excellent terms for living. | 1000 C.E. | 20 | Newfoundland, Canada |
Templars | Order of religious military Christians. | Fought Muslims and pagans for the Roman Catholic Church. | 1100-1200 C.E. | 20 | Baltics |
Hospitallers | Order of religious military Christians. | Fought Muslims and pagans for the Roman Catholic Church. | 1100-1200 C.E. | 20 | Baltics |
Teutonic Knights | Order of religious military Christians. | Fought Muslims and pagans for the Roman Catholic Church. | 1100-1200 C.E. | 20 | Baltics |
Robert Guiscard | Norman Christian who fought for Sicily. | Conquered Sicily from Muslim holders from the tenth century. | 1090 C.E. | 20 | Sicily |
Reconquista | The recapturing of Spain from the Muslims. | A small Christian state in Catalonia captured most of Spain from Muslims in less than a century. | 1150 C.E. | 20 | Iberian Peninsula |
Pope Urban II | Pope in the twelfth century of the Roman Catholic Christians. | Launched crusades to capture Jerusalem | 1095 C.E. | 20 | Europe |
First Crusade | French and Normans captured Jerusalem from the Muslims. | Pope had control of Jerusalem until Saladin captured it in 1187 C.E. | 1096-1099 C.E. | 20 | Jerusalem |
Peter the Hermit | Supported Pope Urban II's launching of the crusades. | Organized a small, untrained army to capture Jerusalem. | 1095 C.E. | 20 | Palestine |