Acquired Immunity
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active immunization | (active vaccination) child given weakened (attenuated)/killed viral inject. given to children to induce disease to immune system--provides lifelong immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Agglutination | all antibody molecules--2 or more binding sites--can cross-link bacteria/other microbes together--2nd antibody can cross-link 3rd cell and so on--each microbe has many antigens on surface--large aggregates of microbes can be formed
🗑
|
||||
| Allergens | substance that provokes an allergic response by inducing IgE production
🗑
|
||||
| Allergic | sensitivity to specific antigens (Ags) such as ragweed, bee venom, strawberries, etc.--produce large quantities of IgE when exposed to these Ags
🗑
|
||||
| Anaphylactic hypersensitivity | type 1 reaction (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity) allergic or anaphylactic hypersensitivity where IgE molecules bound to basophils and mast cells bind allergens, which causes release of histamine and other potent active chemicals
🗑
|
||||
| Anaphylactic shock | when histamine is released throughout the body (systemically)--blood pressure can drop precipitously and death occur in minutes
🗑
|
||||
| Antibody (Ab) | (ab) protein molecule of the immune system that binds Ags
🗑
|
||||
| Antigen-presenting cell (APC) | typically macrophages, dendritic cells, or other B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Antigens (Ag) | usually proteins or polysaccharides--recognized by the body as foreign matter
🗑
|
||||
| Atopic | people with high levels of IgE with resultant allergies
🗑
|
||||
| B lymphocytes | (B cell) antibody-producing cells
🗑
|
||||
| Cell-mediated immunity | immunity conferred by white blood cells, especially T cells--ridding the body of infected human cells, particularly virally infected cells
🗑
|
||||
| Clonal deletion | when B and T cells recognize self as Ags early in a person''s life, these cells are deleted.
🗑
|
||||
| Complement fixation | When IgG or IgM bind to an Ag--expose a site in Fc region--initiates binding of complement proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Constant region | rest of the chains--including the lower 2/3 of the Fab regions
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic T cells (Tc) | express CD8 protein on the surface--kill virally infected cells and may cause tissue graft rejection
🗑
|
||||
| Degranulate | activated cells that release histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic reactions, such as hay fever and anaphylactic shock--may occur within one to fifteen minutes
🗑
|
||||
| Delayed hypersensitivity | Type IV hypersensitivity (cell-mediated immunity reaction)--mediated by immne cells--no Abs involved--most distruction due to Tc cells--takes 1-2 days--cells migrate from blood stream to affected tissues before damage is observed
🗑
|
||||
| Epitope | recognized amino acid--antibodies may recognize just a single amino acid in a protein
🗑
|
||||
| Fragment antigen binding (Fab) | upper fragments of antibody--uppermost parts contain actual Ag binding sites
🗑
|
||||
| Globulin | globular, or roundish, (folded into a ball) protein
🗑
|
||||
| Haptens | small chemicals that fit into the antibody-binding site
🗑
|
||||
| Histamine | causes an allergic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| Humoral immunity | antibodies stay in the fluid--(old name for body fluids was humors)--antibody-mediated immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Immediate hypersensitivity | IgE antibodies are already bound before Type I hypersensitivity occurs, it occurs immediately (usually in several minutes)
🗑
|
||||
| Immune complex diseases | complexes fix complement, including C3b, recruits phagocytes that end updestroying complexes along with surrounding host tissue--frequent cause of serious damage
🗑
|
||||
| Immunization | general process of increasing a specific type of body's immune capability to a living or inanimate Ag.
🗑
|
||||
| Immunogen | stimulating antigen--complex as in a protein
🗑
|
||||
| Immunoglobulin | (Ig) name given to antibody proteins as they have been isolated from the blood
🗑
|
||||
| Inducibility | contact with foreign material stimulates immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Interleukins | a subset of cytokines that are made by leukocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Isoagglutinins | naturally occurring antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphocytes | subset of leukocytes--responsible for acquired immunity by specifically recognizing foreign Ags.--originate in the bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| Major histocompatibility complex | (MHC) protein receptors found in 2 forms--MHC-1--found on all cells (exept RBCs)--MCHII--found primarilly on macrophages and B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Mediators | chemicals released from granules--allergy and anaphylaxis
🗑
|
||||
| Memory | subsequent exposure results in a faster and greater response to the identical foreign material
🗑
|
||||
| Memory cells | daughter cells of B lymphocytes--produces at the same time remain essentially identical to first B cell, now are large numbers
🗑
|
||||
| Monoclonal antibodies | every cell in a population secretes exact same antibody--came from one clone or cell--homogeneous and recognizes only a single epotpe
🗑
|
||||
| Nonself | foreign Ags
🗑
|
||||
| Opsonization | when IgG binds to antigens, Fc portion of antibody changes configuration such that a specific receptor on the phagocytes binds them tightly--most efficient when the Ag contains many bound Ab molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Passive immunization | type of immunization but not vaccination--transfer specific antibodies from one individual to another suspected of having recent exposure to same microbe--immunity last only a few months as transferred IgG is degraded
🗑
|
||||
| Perforin | toxic protein secreted by Tc cells as they recognize specific epitopes on surface of infected cells--opens channels/holes in infected cells and kills them to discontinue production of microbes
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma cells | resultant daughter cells of B lymphocytes--start secreting antibodies of same type that originally bound the Ag
🗑
|
||||
| Polyclonal antibodies | usually result naturally as from a vaccination with measles virus
🗑
|
||||
| Precipitate | smal Ab-Ag complexes can be precipitated in lab by placing samples in citrifuge and precipitates the aggregates at the bottom of the tube--aggregate at tube bottom called a pellet/precipitate
🗑
|
||||
| Receptors | serface proteins--recognize or are recognized by ohter cells--called MHC
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary antibody | binds to human antibodies--usually made in a goat, which willl recognize human antibodies as foreign--contains linked enzyme for ELISA assay--positive in western blot analysis--reacts with a single, specific protein that will not show false positives
🗑
|
||||
| Self | our own Ags
🗑
|
||||
| Sensitization | early exposures that lead to IgE binking to cells--person becomes sensitive to that particular allergen
🗑
|
||||
| Serum sickness | pt's immune system responds in 7-10 days of horse antibodies by making its own antibodies--severe immune response would occur with gen. fever and inflammation of blood vessels and organs
🗑
|
||||
| Specificity | resultant immunity recognizes only the stimulatory agent
🗑
|
||||
| T cell receptor | T lymphocytes have a specific surface receptor for recognizing foreign antigens--not antibody molecules--recognize many different antigens
🗑
|
||||
| T helper cells (Th) | express another protein on their surgaces--called CD4--marker, like a flag--used to identify cell
🗑
|
||||
| T lymphocytes | (T cell)--leaves bone marrow and travels to thymus for maturation
🗑
|
||||
| T suppressor cells (Ts) | (cytotoxic T (Tc)) T cells that express CD8 protein on the surface--dampen an immune proliferation response so that it stops when an adequate level is reached
🗑
|
||||
| T-dependent response | (T cell-dependent) antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells are both formed
🗑
|
||||
| T-independent response | no Th cell involved--plasma cells are produced to make antibodies, no memory cells formed--responses do not yield long-term immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Tolerance | to self Ags--occurs when new immune cells form--if new immune cells recognize self-Ags, they fail to mature and die
🗑
|
||||
| Vaccination | stimulation of an immune response that protects against a specific infectious agent that lives
🗑
|
||||
| Variable region | binding ends of the FAB (including the ends of light and heavy chains) highly variable in amino acid sequence--amino acid sequence varies from oneAb to another in this region--single individual can bind a million different epitopes
🗑
|
||||
| Weal and flare | local skin lesion--red and raised--watery inside
🗑
|
||||
| Western blot analysis | (blank)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
heatherlvn
Popular Science sets