earthquakes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
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| tension | stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
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| compression | 1. stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks 2. the part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
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| shearing | stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement
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| normal fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust
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| reverse fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
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| strike-slip fault | a type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion
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| plateau | a large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface
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| earthquake | the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
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| focus | the point beneath Earth's surface where rock first breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
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| epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
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| P wave | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground
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| S wave | a type of seismic wave in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave
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| surface wave | a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface
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| seismograph | a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth
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| Modified Mercalli scale | a scale that rates the amount of shaking from an earthquake
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| magnitude | the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
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| Richter scale | a scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves
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| moment magnitude scale | a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
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| seismogram | the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph
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