X-Ray Studies (Barium, Parts of Interest)
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| What is the advantage of the left lateral decubitus position, compared with the supine position AP abdomen? | Demonstration of air-fluid levels
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| Why is left lateral decubitus preferred over right lateral decubitus position when patient is unable to stand? | To enable rising free air to be seen through homogenous background density of the liver.
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| Why let the patient remain in the lateral recumbent postion for several minutes before making an exposure? | To allow any air to rise within the abdomen.
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| Radiographic visualization of the GB after the introduction of a contrast medium is called? | Cholecystography
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| Cholangiography is defined as the radiographic study of? | Biliary ducts
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| The imaging modality of choice for demonstration of the GB and biliary tract is called? | Sonography
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| In which of the following biliary ducts is the T-tube placed for drainage? | Common hepatic duct and common bile duct
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| What type of contrast media is used for postoperative cholangiography? | Water-soluble and iodinated contrast media
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| What 2 types of contrast media are used for double-contrast esophageal studies? | High-density barium product and carbon dioxide crystals
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| What 2 oblique positions can be used to demonstrate the entire esophagus effectively? | RAO and LPO
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| What type of radiopaque contrast medium usually is used in routine UGI studies? | Barium sulfate with 30% to 50% weight per volume concentration
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| What breathing instructions should be given to the patient when making the exposure? | Suspend respiration after expiration.
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| T/F: For the average patient, the PA oblique projection, RAO position produces the best image of the pyloric canal and the duodenal bulb filled with barium. | True
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| T/F: The AP oblique projection, LPO position, demonstrates the fundic portion of the stomach filled with barium. | True
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| What position should be used to best demonstrate the duodenal loop and the duodenojejunal junction filled with contrast medium? | Recumbent right lateral position
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| At which vertebral level should the central ray enter the patient if the patient is in the recumbent position? | L1 - L2
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| Why should a high-density barium product be used as the contrast medium for double-contast studies? | To obtain better coating of the lumen.
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| When might an orally administered, water-soluble, iodinated contrast medium be used in place of a barium sulfate mixture? | When the patient cannot tolerate retrograde filling of the colon
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| What should the temperature of the barium be when administering cold barium solution? | Approximately 41 F
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| What is the maximum height above the level of the anus that a BE bag may be placed on an IV stand? | 24 inches (61 cm)
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| Approximately how far into the rectum should an enema tip be inserted? | 3.5 to 4 inches (8.9 to 10 cm)
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| For the UGI exam, to which level of the patient should the IR be centered? | Iliac crest
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| To which level of the patient should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection? | ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spines)
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| Which area of the large intestine is best demonstrated with the PA axial projection? | Rectosigmoid
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| T/F: For the PA oblique projection, RAO position, the central ray should be directed 35 to 45 degrees caudally. | False
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| Both colic flexures should be seen in the RAO position radiograph. | True
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| The PA oblique projection, RAO position is performed primarily to demonstrate the right colic flexure. | True
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| Which 2 structures of the large intestine are demonstrated primarily with the PA oblique projection, LAO position? | Left colic flexure and descending colon
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| Which portions of the large intestine are of prime interest with the lateral projection? | Sigmoid and rectum
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| For the AP axial projection, in which direction and how many degrees should the central ray be directed? | Cephalically 30 to 40 degrees
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| Which flexure (right colic or left colic) should be well demonstrated with the AP oblique projection, LPO position? | Right colic
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| What other oblique position produces an image similiar to the AP oblique projection, RPO position? | LAO
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| What position best demonstrates the left colic flexure? | Right lateral decubitus
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| What position best demonstrates the right colic flexure? | Left lateral decubitus
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| What is the concentration level of barium sulfate suspensions used for single-contrast colonic enemas? | Between 12 - 25% weight/volume
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| What is the concentration level of barium sulfate suspensions used for double-contrast colonic enemas? | 75 - 95% weight/volume
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| What is the temperature for warm barium administration? | 85 to 90 degrees F
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| What is the chemical symbol of Barium | Ba
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| What is the atomic number of Barium? | 56
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| What is the chemical symbol of Iodine? | "I"
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| What is the atomic number for Iodine? | 53
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| What structures are shown with an AP, PA projection of the esophagus? | Esophagus filled with barium
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| What does Chassard-Lapine demonstrate? | Rectum, retrosigmoid junction, sigmoid
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