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Genetics & Heredity

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Term
Definition
genes   factors that control traits  
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genetics   the study of heredity  
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heredity   passing of traits from parents to offspring  
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Punnett Squares   a chart that shows all possible allele combinations for a genetic cross  
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heterozygous   an organism that has two different alleles for a trait  
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homozygous   an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait  
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Pedigree   a chart that traces the inheritance of a trait/disease through a family  
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Mutations   causes a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis  
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RNA   molecule that copies the message from DNA and translates it during protein synthesis; has one strand  
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DNA   molecule that is made up of 4 nitrogen bases and has the blueprint that controls our traits; has two strands  
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gamete   egg and sperm cell  
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meiosis   cell division that produces sex cells (sexual reproduction)  
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mitosis   cell division that produces identical daughter cells (asexual reproduction)  
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phenotype   physical expression of a trait in an organism  
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genotype   an organism's allele combination or genetic makeup  
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carrier    
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chromosome   condensed DNA  
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Created by: MsLHill
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