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Speaking to Persuade

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Term
Definition
Anchors:   Attitudes or beliefs that act as a personal standard for judging other messages.  
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Appeal to authority:   A fallacy in which someone serves as a spokesperson outside his or her area of expertise.  
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Appeal to popular opinion:   A fallacy based on the premise that the listener should think or act the same way as a substantial group of people.  
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Argument:   a statement of belief, or claim, presented with evidence and reasoning.  
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Claims of fact:   Statements about the truth or falsity of some assertion or statement.  
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Claims of policy:   Statements that ask listeners to consider a specific course of action.  
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Claims of value:   Statements that ask listeners to form a judgement or evaluation.  
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Deduction:   Reasoning that starts with a general statement and draws a specific conclusion.  
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Ethos:   The ethics or credibility of the speaker.  
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Fallacy:   An error in reasoning.  
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False cause:   A fallacy that implies a cause-and-effect relationship where none exists.  
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False choice:   A fallacy in which the speaker presents a false dichotomy between two choices.  
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Foot in the door:   The technique of starting with a small request and then following later with a more substantial one.  
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Hasty generalization:   A fallacy in which the speaker draws a conclusion about a group or general condition based on limited examples.  
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Induction:   Reasoning from a particular instance to a generalization.  
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Latitude of acceptance:   The range of positions a listener is likely to accept or tolerate.  
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Latitude of noncommitment:   The range of positions a listener neither accepts or rejects.  
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Latitude of rejection:   The range of positions a listener is likely to reject or consider intolerable.  
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Logos:   Arguments based on logic or reason.  
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Motivated sequence:   A persuasive speech structure designed to move audiences toward taking immediate action.  
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Mythos:   The use of myths, legends, and folktales as persuasive appeals.  
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Name-calling:   A fallacy based on attacking a speaker's physical or character traits rather than the content of his or her argument.  
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Pathos:   Arguments based on emotional appeals.  
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Persuade:   Influence others by reinforcing or changing their beliefs.  
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Slippery slope:   A fallacy based on the assumption that once a single step is taken, many other destructive ones are sure to follow.  
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Social judgement theory:   Evaluation of persuasive messages based on the beliefs we already hold.  
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Speech that calls for action:   Persuasive speaking aimed to move the audience to a specific behavior.  
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Speech that convinces:   Persuasive speaking that urges listeners to accept contentious facts, evaluate beliefs, or support actions.  
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Speech that reinforces:   Persuasive speaking that attempts to strengthen existing attitudes, beliefs, or values.  
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Syllogism:   A form or reasoning that draws a conclusion based on two premises.  
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