Microbiology
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| Adsorption | attachment process--virus sticks to the surface of the host cell
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| Attachment factor | (key)host cell receptor and attachment coponents--lock & key in which the key can only recognize cell types that carry the correct lock
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| Bacteriophage | bacterial viruses--cause a hole in the layer of bacteria in a petri dish by killing the bacteria
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| Capsid | protien coat of a virus-
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| Capsomere | protein subunits of a capsis--
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| Carcinogenic | viruses that induce or generate cancer
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| Cell killing | when cells are killed by virus growth in an area
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| Cytopathic effects | clinical specimen collected--placed on human cells in a tissue culture and watch for changes in the cell--(CPE)
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| Enveloped virus | virus with an envelope--most nucleocapsids are icosahedral/helical
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| Glycoprotein | surface protein of virion--has a specific attachment site--binds to specific receptor on types of cells the virus infects
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| Host factory | supply enzymes and building blockes to propagate new virions--viruses can't produce their own energy for growth
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| Inclusion bodies | microscopically observable dark areas of virus particles that accumuate on culture dish
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| Luekemias | (leuko--white)--cancers in cells that freely move around normally occur in white blood cells
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| Lyse | lytic viruses--break open the cell
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| Lysogens | DNA of DNA viruses integrate into host cell DNA--divide with the cell but lyse the cell under certain conditions--(proviruses)--have potential to become lytic
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| Naked virus | viruses without an envelope--most nucleocapsids are icosahedral/helical
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| Nucleocapsid | nucleic acid plus the protein coat of a virus
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| Obligate intracellular parasites | incapable of growing outside a host cell
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| plaque | area with no living cells--observed as a hole in the cell layer--info is useful in lab--plaques on a dish can be counted to quantify # of virions in a sample
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| Provirus | (lysogens)--have the potential to become lytic--DNA of DNA viruses integrate into host cell DNA--divide with the cell--can lyse the cell under certain conditions
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| Receptor | cell types that carry the correct lock for attachment factor of viruses
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| Retrovirus | exception to general viruses--carry out transcription in reverse--carry 2 copies of the RNA genome
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| Reverse transcriptase | (RT)--RNA dependent DNA polymerase--uses viral RNA as template to produce duplex DNA copy--integrated into the host chromosome--host transcription/translation machinery can express the viral genes
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| Round up | host cells no longer adhere tightly to the bottom of the tissue culture dish--can be seen with microscope
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| Syncytia formation | viruses that cause cells to fuse together into giant cells
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| Transformation | type of CPE where tumor cells keep growing until piles of cells are visible in the dish--same mechanism involved when tumor cells grow uncontrollably or metastasize
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| Tumor | a solid or tissue cancer
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| Tumorigenesis | viruses that induce tumors--
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| virions | complete virus particles
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| Virus | simplest organism on Earth--contain 2-50 genes--can't code for all molecular biology processes-translation which requires 90 genes--can't produce their own energy for growth
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| Virus particle | any virus with its appropriate coating layer--virion--refer to physical structures--viruses aren't cells--nucleic acid may be DNA/RNA not both--nucleic acid may be single/double stranded--
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