Microbiology Quiz Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Epidemiology | study of disease
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| Epidemiologists | study the factors that determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations and they also develop ways to prevent, control, or eradicate diseases in populations.
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| communicable disease | an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another
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| contagious disease | communicable disease that is easily transmitted from person-to-person
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| Zoonotic diseases | diseases that humans acquire from animal source
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| incidence rate | particular disease is the number of new cases of that disease in a defined population over a specific time period compared with healthy population
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| morbidity rate | number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred during a specified time period per a specifically defined population
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| Period prevalence | number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period
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| Point Prevalence | number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a particular moment in time
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| Mortality rate | ratio of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a specified population
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| sporadic disease | one that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area;
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| endemic disease | one that is always present over time within the population of a particular geographic area
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| epidemic disease | defined as a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular region, usually within a short period of time;
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| pandemic | disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously
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| What does the infectious disease occurs depend on? | -Factors pertaining to the pathogen
-Factors pertaining to the host
-Factors pertaining to the environment
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| What are the 6 component in the infectious disease process? | 1.pathogen
2.source of the pathogen
3.portal of exit
4.mode of transmission
5.portal of entry
6.susceptible host
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| reservoirs of infection or reservoirs | The sources of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases are many and varied
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| What are some examples of living reservoirs? | humans,pets, farm animals, insects, and arachnids.
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| Passive carriers | carry a pathogen without ever having a disease
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| Incubatory carriers | transmits a pathogen during the incubation period
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| Convalescent carriers | transmit a pathogen while recovering from an infectious disease
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| Active carriers | completely recovered but continue to harbor pathogen indefinitely transmits pathogen through vehicles either
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| zoonotic diseases or zoonoses | Infectious diseases that humans acquire from animal sources
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| Arthropods | Animals that transmits a pathogen from one host to another
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| Fomites | inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens
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| What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases? (part 1) | -Direct skin-to-skin contact
-Direct mucous membrane-to-mucous membrane contact by kissing or sexual intercourse
-Indirect contact via airborne droplets of respiratory secretions, usually produced by sneezing or coughing – most commonly used by pathogen
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| What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases? (part 2) | -Indirect contact via food and water contaminated by fecal matter
-Indirect contact via arthropod vectors
-Indirect contact via fomites
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| What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases? (part 3) | -Indirect contact via transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products or by parenteral injection using nonsterile syringes or needles
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| Perinatal Transmission/Vertical Transmission | also known as mother-to-child transmission: mother transmits disease to fetus or child
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| What is WHO and what is there mission? | World Health Organization and Missions: to promote technical cooperation for health among nations; to carry out programs to control and eradicate diseases; to improve the quality of human life.
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| What is CDC and what is there mission? | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Mission: “to collaborate to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health
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