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Microbiology chpt.11
Microbiology Quiz Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Epidemiology | study of disease |
Epidemiologists | study the factors that determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations and they also develop ways to prevent, control, or eradicate diseases in populations. |
communicable disease | an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another |
contagious disease | communicable disease that is easily transmitted from person-to-person |
Zoonotic diseases | diseases that humans acquire from animal source |
incidence rate | particular disease is the number of new cases of that disease in a defined population over a specific time period compared with healthy population |
morbidity rate | number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred during a specified time period per a specifically defined population |
Period prevalence | number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period |
Point Prevalence | number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a particular moment in time |
Mortality rate | ratio of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a specified population |
sporadic disease | one that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area; |
endemic disease | one that is always present over time within the population of a particular geographic area |
epidemic disease | defined as a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular region, usually within a short period of time; |
pandemic | disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously |
What does the infectious disease occurs depend on? | -Factors pertaining to the pathogen -Factors pertaining to the host -Factors pertaining to the environment |
What are the 6 component in the infectious disease process? | 1.pathogen 2.source of the pathogen 3.portal of exit 4.mode of transmission 5.portal of entry 6.susceptible host |
reservoirs of infection or reservoirs | The sources of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases are many and varied |
What are some examples of living reservoirs? | humans,pets, farm animals, insects, and arachnids. |
Passive carriers | carry a pathogen without ever having a disease |
Incubatory carriers | transmits a pathogen during the incubation period |
Convalescent carriers | transmit a pathogen while recovering from an infectious disease |
Active carriers | completely recovered but continue to harbor pathogen indefinitely transmits pathogen through vehicles either |
zoonotic diseases or zoonoses | Infectious diseases that humans acquire from animal sources |
Arthropods | Animals that transmits a pathogen from one host to another |
Fomites | inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens |
What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases? (part 1) | -Direct skin-to-skin contact -Direct mucous membrane-to-mucous membrane contact by kissing or sexual intercourse -Indirect contact via airborne droplets of respiratory secretions, usually produced by sneezing or coughing – most commonly used by pathogen |
What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases? (part 2) | -Indirect contact via food and water contaminated by fecal matter -Indirect contact via arthropod vectors -Indirect contact via fomites |
What are examples of the most common modes of transmission of infectious diseases? (part 3) | -Indirect contact via transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products or by parenteral injection using nonsterile syringes or needles |
Perinatal Transmission/Vertical Transmission | also known as mother-to-child transmission: mother transmits disease to fetus or child |
What is WHO and what is there mission? | World Health Organization and Missions: to promote technical cooperation for health among nations; to carry out programs to control and eradicate diseases; to improve the quality of human life. |
What is CDC and what is there mission? | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Mission: “to collaborate to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health |