Perceiving and communicating w/ others
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| The process of assigning meaning to sensory information and experiences, of others guide the way we talk to and about them | Perceptions
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| Self concept, past experiences, physical abilities, personality, and social environment are __________ that influence _________. | Factors; Perception
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| What are the 3 steps in the process of forming perceptions: | 1)Selection
2)Organization
3)Interpretation
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| __________ occurs when we focus on some sensory stimuli rather than others. | Selection
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| ___________ refers to personal relevance or interest and our choices of what is worthy of attention | Salience
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| During step 1 of forming perceptions (selection) __________ includes all sensations that seem to stand out from their surroundings. | Vividness
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| __________ __________ is the general theory that we learn new behaviors, customs, and routines by watching others. | Social Learning
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| The resistance to change and the tendency to maintain the same perceptions of people and events over time is ____________ __________. | Perceptual Constancy
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| The 2nd step in forming a perception, _________, occurs when we place stimuli in a category or mental box to give them meaning and aid our retention. | Organization
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| During organization (step 2), ____________ suggests that people interpret and act on experience based on a mental system of organizing knowledge. | Constructivism
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| ___________ __________ are categories by which people and events can be differentiated during Constructivism. | Personal Constructs
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| A ___________ is an ideal model or specific person, personality or phenomenon that exemplifies a set of characteristics during constructivism. | Prototype
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| During constructivism, __________ are generalizations about people based on their group affiliations, rather than their individual characteristics. | Stereotypes
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| __________ are guides to actions and expectations based on the way we have categorized our perceptions. | Scripts
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| While organizing perceptions, __________ __________ are strategies for thinking creatively and managing different perspectives. | Perception Shifts
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| When would perception shifts occur? | When people are willing to take risks and alter the way they see the world.
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| What can significantly speed up perception shifts? | New technologies
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| The 3rd step in forming perceptions, ___________, is the stage in the perception process in which we determine the meaning of an event or interaction. | Interpretation
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| _________ can often help us to interpret the meaning of someone's statement or actions and __________ allows us to draw conclusions based on unfinished, incomplete or limited information. | Context; Closure
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| While interpreting perceptions, assigning ____________ refers to the assignment of meaning to the actions of ourselves and others. | Attribution
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| What are the 2 types of attributions? | Internal and external
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| While interpreting perceptions, __________ in attribution can hamper our communication effectiveness because they lock us into narrow ways of understanding and responding to others. | Biases
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| Biases in attribution: _____________ _____________ _______ is the overestimation of the degree to which other people's behaviors are due to internal factors and underestimating the significance of external forces. | Fundamental Attribution Error
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| Another bias in attribution is _______-__________ _______: the tendency to attribute external causes to our own misfortune but not to those of others. | Self-serving Bias
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| The 3rd bias in attribution while interpreting perceptions is _____________ _________: the tendency to think better of attractive people than unattractive people and to make positive attributions about their behavior. | Attractiveness bias
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| The last bias in attribution is _________ _______ which is the attribution of our own motivations to someone else's behaviors. | Similarity Bias
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| What are the 4 bias in attribution during interpretation of perceptions? | 1)Fundamental Attribution Error
2)Self-serving Bias
3)Attractiveness Bias
4)Similarity Bias
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| Communicating responsibly requires perception guidelines. The first perception guideline is to _______ _______ ____________. | Own your perceptions
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| Being able to recognize why your perceptions might be different than your audience and that others may not share your perceptions are guides to ___________ __________ __________. | Owning Your Perceptions
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| The 2nd perception guideline is to ___________ ______________ __________. | Overcome Attributional Bias
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| Another perception guideline for communicating responsibly is to use __________ _____________ _________. | User perception checks
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| This is a tool that gauges the accuracy of your perceptions by engaging in conversations with others. | Perception Check tool
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| How would you be able to use a perception check tool? | 1)Describe the behavior you've observed
2)Acknowledge that there is more than one way to interpret the behavior
3)Ask for clarification
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| The last perception guideline is to practice _____________ __________. | Perspective Taking
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| The ability to accurately perceive the experience and behavior of another person is practicing ____________. | Empathy
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| Our __________ form the basis of interpretation about ourselves and others and we communicate based on those interpretations. | Perceptions
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| ____________ is also affected by the cultural context of interaction | Perception
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| We rely on ____________ to assign meaning to the behavior of others. | Attributions
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| _____________ are the basis for decisions about how to communicate appropriately and effectively because how we perceive people or events will influence our responses to them. | Perceptions
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| __________ is the audience use of conceptual categories that have been emphasized in the media. | Priming
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| ____________ is the stage of perception in which we determine the meaning of an event or interaction. | Interpretation
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| __________ is the assignment of meaning to the actions of ourselves and others. | Attribution
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