Ch 3 Cells PF/SF
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| cyt- | cell
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| endo- | within
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| hyper- | above
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| hypo- | below
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| inter- | between
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| iso- | equal
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| mit- | thread
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| phag- | to eat
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| pino- | to drink
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| -som | body
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| cytoplasm | the contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus and cell membrane
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| cytosol | clear liquid in the cytoplasm.
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| cytoskeleton | a cell's microscopic framework of protein filaments and tubules
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| organelles | a part of a cell that performs a specialized function
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| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle composed of a system of connected membranous tubules and vesicles along which protein is synthesized
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| ribosomes | organelle composed of RNA and protein that is a structural support for protein synthesis and includes RNA molecules that function as enzymes
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| golgi apparatus | an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion
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| mitochondria | organelle housing enzymes that catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration
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| lysosomes | organelle that contains digestive enzymes
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| peroxisomes | a small organelle that is present in the cytoplasm of many cells and that contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.
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| centrosome | cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles
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| cilia | microscopic, hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells
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| flagella | motile tail-like structure on sperm cell
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| vesicle | membranous cytoplasmic sac formed by infolding of the cell membrane
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| nucleolus | a small structure within the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins
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| chromosome | rodlike structure that condenses from chromatin in a cell's nucleus during mitosis
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| chromatin | DNA and complexed protein that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis
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| simple diffusion | Process by which molecules or ions scatter or spread spontaneously from regions where they are in higher concentrations toward regions where they are in lower concentrations.
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| facilitated diffusion | diffusion in which carrier molecules or ion channels transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
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| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient.
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| isotonic | a solution with the same osmotic pressure as the solution with which it is compared
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| hypertonic | a solution with a greater osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared
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| hypotonic | a solution with a lower osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared
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| hydrostatic pressure | pressure exerted by fluids, such as blood pressure
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| edema | fluid accumulation within tissue spaces
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| active transport | process that requires energy to move a substance across a cell membrane, usually against the concentration gradient
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| endocytosis | Process by which a cell membrane envelops a substance and draws it into the cell in a vesicle.
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| exocytosis | Transport of substances out of a cell in membrane bounded vesicles.
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| pinocytosis | Process by which a cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings.
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| phagocytosis | Process by which a cell engulfs and digests solids.
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| mitosis | Division of a somatic cell nucleus in the process of forming two genetically identical cells.
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| meiosis | Cell division that halves the genetic material, resulting in egg and sperm cells
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| gametogenesis | first part of meiosis; the formation of egg cells and sperm cells.
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| cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm.
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| interphase of cell cycle | the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division.
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| prophase | Stage of mitosis when chromosomes become visible.
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| metaphase | Stage in mitosis when chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
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| anaphase | Stage in mitosis when duplicate chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell.
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| telophase | Stage in mitosis when newly formed cells separate.
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| cell differentiation | Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.
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| stem cell | An undifferentiated cell that can divide to yield two daughter stem cells, or a stem cell and a progenitor cell.
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| progenitor cell | A daughter cell of a stem cell that is partially specialized.
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| apoptosis | Programmed cell death.
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| metastasis | the spread of a cancer from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part.
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| hyperplasia | Excess cell division in a tissue.
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Created by:
hannahpiper
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