chp5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| folded membrane containing the green photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll | Thylakoids
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic cell division | mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| allow movement of molecules in the cytoplasm | microfilaments
🗑
|
||||
| name the infungal cell membrane | -ergosterol (remember various sterols within membrane increase stability)
🗑
|
||||
| name of mammalion cell membrane | -cholesterol (remember various sterols will increase stability)
🗑
|
||||
| maintain shapes of the cell and enable movement of molecules within the cell | microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| formation during mushroom sexual reproduction | basidiospore
-note: picture on slide look at and know
🗑
|
||||
| how does the ascus grow? | -only grows one way in shape due to space constraint
-alienated know which round of meiosis to show up
🗑
|
||||
| sexual spores produced in a sac-like structure called "ascus" | ascospores
🗑
|
||||
| How are sexual spores formed? | involves the fusion of two parental nuclei followed by meiosis
-note: picture on slide with formation of zgospores
🗑
|
||||
| looks kind of like a dandilion | a conidium of Aspergillus
🗑
|
||||
| -produced at tip of reproductive space bearing structure one filament under going figmentall | conidiospores
🗑
|
||||
| -formed within an enclosed sporangium -one cell goes many rounds of mitosis cytoplasm reproduce each nucleus surrounded by cells membrane | sporangiospores
🗑
|
||||
| How are asexual spores formed? | during mitotic division of a single parental cell
[Remember 2 types: sporangiospores and conidiospores]
🗑
|
||||
| spore types (especially sexual spores are important criteria for) ___________ | fungal identification
🗑
|
||||
| sexual spores | zygospores, basidiospores, and ascospores (offspring originated from 2 cells)
🗑
|
||||
| asexual spores | sporangiospores and conidiospores
(one cell produce having identical cells)
🗑
|
||||
| Fungi reproduce through 1._______ and 2.________ spores | 1. sexual
2. asexual
🗑
|
||||
| The stages in coccidiodes infection: | 1. Mold spores of Coccidiodes immitis are inhaled from soil
2. In lungs C. immitis changes and grows as yeast cell
3. the development of coccidiodomycosis
🗑
|
||||
| fungal dimorphism | -for some fungi, both yeast and mold phases can be observed depending on growth conditions
-e.g. some pathogenic mold exists as mold in the environment, but as yeast after entering the host tissues: M -> Y shift
(temp. determinant)
🗑
|
||||
| Majority of fungal species is found in what form? | -mold or yeast not both
🗑
|
||||
| produces spores for reproduction | -Reproductive hyphae
🗑
|
||||
| digest and absorb nutrients | Vegetative hyphae
🗑
|
||||
| no cross wall hyphae | -nonseptate hyphae
-don't have septa
Ex: Rhizopus
🗑
|
||||
| segmented and seperated by a cross wall hyphae | septate hyphae
-have septa
Ex: Penicillium
🗑
|
||||
| _____ may or may not divided by cross walls (septum) -filaments of cells | hyphae
🗑
|
||||
| molds (macroscopically and microscopically) | macroscopically:
-cottony, hairy, or velvety texture
microscopically:
-hyphae
-mycelium
🗑
|
||||
| Pseudohypha | -in yeasts
-can form as a result of cells not completely separated during budding
🗑
|
||||
| mass of hyphae | mycelium
🗑
|
||||
| Yeasts (macroscopically and microscopically) | macroscopically:
these colonies have soft, uniform texture appearance
microscopically:
usually single cells
Psudohypha can form
use fission or budding reproductive process
🗑
|
||||
| disease caused by a fungal pathogen | mycosis
🗑
|
||||
| What is the study of fungi called? | mycology
🗑
|
||||
| 1. Medical importance of fungi 2. Industrially important | 1. Ex: athlete's foot caused by dermatophytes
2. Ex: alcohol fermentation using yeast
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two morphologies of microscopic fungi? | 1. unicellular (yeasts)
2. filamentous (molds)
🗑
|
||||
| Fungi properties | 1. Ubiquitous in nature:
mushrooms-macroscopic
molds, yeasts-microscopic
2.there are two morphologies of microscopic fungi
🗑
|
||||
| true fungi | eumycetes
🗑
|
||||
| Classification of Eummycetes ("True Fungi") based on rRNA | 1.Chytridiomycota
2.Zygomycota
3.Asconycota
4.Basidiomycota
🗑
|
||||
| aquatic fungi linked to amphibian die-off -primitive, has flagellated zoospores | Chytridiomycetes
🗑
|
||||
| eumycetes contains | 2 subkingdoms:
1.Mastigomycota:
Chytridiomycetes
-primitive, has flagelled zoospores
2.Amastigomycota (most fungi)
🗑
|
||||
| Fungi Classification 3 divisions (phylum) named after the type of ___________ | -sexual spores
1. Zygomycota
2. Ascomycota
3. Basidiomycota
🗑
|
||||
| Zygomycota | zygospores;
mostly sporangiospores (few conidia);
nonseptate hyphae
e.g. Rhizopus, Mucor
🗑
|
||||
| Ascomycota | -ascospores; conidia; septate hyphae
-e.g.. Staphybotrys chartarum (the sick-building mold)
Penicillium and Sacharomyces cerevisiae(small note:Baker/Brewer's yeast)
🗑
|
||||
| Basidiomycota | basidiospores; conidia
e.g. mushrooms, Cryptococcus (a pathogenic yeast causing brain infections in AIDS patients)
🗑
|
||||
| The black bread mold ________ belons to the Phylum________ | -Rhizopus
-Zygomycota
🗑
|
||||
| the sick-building syndrome black mold ________ belongs to __________ | -Stachybotrys chartarum
-Ascomycota
🗑
|
||||
| no sexual spores observed, most now classified as Ascomycetes using genetic method; have conidia e.g. Penicillium Aspergillus | Deuteromycetes or Fungi Imperfecti
-not able to reproduce sexually
(looks like an x-ray of a hand)
🗑
|
||||
| Fungal nutrition all are __________: relying on _________ source | -heterotrophic
-organic carbon
🗑
|
||||
| Fungal nutrition: majority are harmless__________ living off ____and_____ | -saprobes
-dead plants and animals
🗑
|
||||
| Fungal nutrition: some are 1._______, living on the 2.________ of other 3.______, but none are 4._________ | 1.parasites
2.tissues
3.organisms
4.obligate
🗑
|
||||
| Fungal nutrition: What is the growth temperature? | 20°C-40°C
🗑
|
||||
| saprobes | -can't eat large compound need to break down and transfer into cell
-known for secreting a lot of enzymes to break it down
🗑
|
||||
| mycoses in human | 1.From superficial (skin, nails, etc.) to systemic infections (Lung, Skin)
2. Usually through contact or inhalation of spores
3. Mostly skin infections
🗑
|
||||
| What is prevelent in Indiana? | Histoplasmosis
🗑
|
||||
| conidia(sp?) | -are a type of fungeal asexual spores
🗑
|
||||
| Algae | 1. the photosynthetic protists, have chloroplasts
2. inhabitants of fresh and marine waters
-Kelps, seaweeds, euglenids, green algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, brown algae, and red seaweeds
3. Most are not considered human pathogens
🗑
|
||||
| Algae and Red tides | -algal bloom overgrowth of algae often due to warm wheather or pollution
-can cause die of aquatic organisims
-can cause food poisoning: some algae produce toxins which accumulate in shellfish
🗑
|
||||
| Algae unique morphology | enables identification
cell wall, photosynthetic pigments, flagella, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| algae contain __________ as well as accessory _______ which include _____,______, and ______ | 1. green chlorophyll
2. pigments
3. yellow
4. red
5. brown
🗑
|
||||
| protozoa | "primitive animals"
more complex structure and function
most are unicellular
no cell wall, more flexible in shape
locomotion use cytoskeleton extension such as Pseudopods, flagella, and cilia
🗑
|
||||
| Protozoa Locomotion | use cytoskeleton extension such as pseudopods, flagella, cilia
🗑
|
||||
| Protozoa Inhabitants of fresh water and soil | -not photosynthetic
-most are harmless, free-living in a moist habitat
-some are animal parasites and can be spread by insect vectors
🗑
|
||||
| Most asexual reproduction involves 2 stages | 1. Trophozoites
-motile feeding stage
2.Cysts
-dormant and resting stage formed during encystment
Note: lifestyle pic powerpoint
🗑
|
||||
| Protozoa some involve both sexual and asexual stages Examples | Ex: Mahria parasite
Plasmodium
🗑
|
||||
| Trichomonas vainalis | -example of complex structure with the protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis
-no cyst stage
-sexually transmited disense caused by protozoas lives only as a trophozite
-asymptmptatic increase risk for other sexually transmitted diseases
🗑
|
||||
| Classification is difficult because of______ simple grouping is based on method of ______, _______,______ | -diversity
-motility
-reproduction
-life style
🗑
|
||||
| Mastigophora | mainly flagellates
-primarily flagellar motility, some flagellar and amoeboid; sexual reproduct; as well as asexual (cyst and trophozoite)
🗑
|
||||
| Sarcodina | primarily amoeba
-motile by pseudopods; asexual reproduction; most are free-living
🗑
|
||||
| Ciliophora | -ciliates
have cilia for motility; trophozoites and cysts; most are free-living, harmless
🗑
|
||||
| Apicomplexa | -apicomplexans
-motility is absent except male gantes; sexual and asexual reproduction; complex life cycle-cell parasite
🗑
|
||||
| 4 different types of Protozoa | 1. Amoeba
2. Ciliates
3. flagellates-Giardia
4. Apicomplexans
🗑
|
||||
| Amoeboid protozoa can cause | can cause brain infections amoebic dysentery etc.
🗑
|
||||
| flagellated protozoa | ex: Giardiasis
🗑
|
||||
| Apicomplexans protozoa | ex: Malarin
🗑
|
||||
| Ingestion of cysts from _________cause damage in intestines | food or water
Trophozoites
🗑
|
||||
| Chegas disease involves a hemoflagellate protozoa (_______) reservoir host and insect vectors | Trypanosoma cruzi
-can live in many mammalian and insect hosts
🗑
|
||||
| Name an active feeding stage of protozoa development | Trophozoite
🗑
|
||||
| Helminths | -multicellular animals with organ-like systems
-3 types
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of Helminths | 1. Tapeworms
2. flukes
3. roundworms
🗑
|
||||
| Tapeworms and flukes are also called ______ thin usually segmented no body cavity | -flatworms
-each worm can harbor both sexes and fertilization occurs within one organism
🗑
|
||||
| hermaphroditic | -flatworms are usually this
-contain both female and male reproductive organs
🗑
|
||||
| Roundworms | -nematodes
-cylindrical
-unsegmented
🗑
|
||||
| Trematodes or flukes are | flattened nonsegmented worms with sucking mouthparts
🗑
|
||||
| cestodes | tapeworm long, segmented
🗑
|
||||
| helminth Life Cycle | -complex lifestyle involve egg, lava, adult worm stages
1. infective form
2. intermediate host
3. definitive host
🗑
|
||||
| Infective form | eggs and larvae
can develop in different hosts
🗑
|
||||
| Intermediate hosts | larval development occurs
🗑
|
||||
| Definitive host | adult worms and mating occur
🗑
|
||||
| Life cycle of intestinal fluke (_____). Snails are 1._______ while other mammals such as pigs or human are 2.________ | (Fascilopsis)
1. intermediate hosts
2. definitive hosts
🗑
|
||||
| The ______ host harbors the adult stage of the helminths | defenitive
🗑
|
||||
| vessicles derived from golgi apparatus | Lysomes
-give details
ex: contain what?
involve in what?
🗑
|
||||
| What is it? 1. flexible framework of proteins throughout the cell 2. name 2 types | -Cytoskeleton
1. Microfilaments
2. Microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| human white blood cells lysosomes are involved in the killing of engulfed microbes | phagocytes
🗑
|
||||
| name this site for protein modification cisternae-noncontians membrane network forms condensing csesicles | golgi apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| coated with ribosomes the site of protein synthesis and transport inter the cistern | Rough ER
🗑
|
||||
| Lipid synthesis | Smooth ER
🗑
|
||||
| 1.___ name converts energy of sunlight info chemical energy ATP on thylakoids "Light reaction" which is the used to synthesize 2.____ | photosynthesis
synthesize carbohydrates in the stroma (dark reaction)
🗑
|
||||
| name and explain orgin eucaryotic cells theory | Endosymbiosis Theory
1. eucaryotic cells are evolved from procaryotic ancestors through the ingestion of and intracellular symbiosis
w/: 1. small aerobic bacteria=> mitochondria
2.cyanobacteria=>chloroplasts
🗑
|
||||
| What holds the enzymes and electron carrier for aerobic sepiration in energy production? | Cristae (inner membrane of mitochondria)
🗑
|
||||
| What does mitochondria contain? | -own DNA and procaryotic type ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| What is the powerhouse of the cell | mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| eucaryotic cell division involves ________ in which the cell and nucleus undergo several states of change | mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| Algae cell walls vary greatly: don't list this ________ have "glassy" ______ cell wall | diatoms have silicate
🗑
|
||||
| Eucaryotic cell membrane also contain membrane-bound ______ that account for 60-80% of their volanc(sp?) | organelles
🗑
|
||||
| What does algae have that fungi do not? in cell wall | chloroplast
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
mjoyriegsecker
Popular Science sets