| Bug Name |
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| Labs |
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| Toxins |
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| Diseases |
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| Treatment |
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| Transmission |
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| Other |
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| Neisseria meningitidis |
Gram - Coccus, Aerobic,
Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular Diplococci |
Capsule, Pili, LOS |
Acute purulent meningitis, Meningococcemia, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome |
Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime |
Colonizes the nasopharynx; Horizontal transmission via respiratory droplets |
Symptoms: Petechial lesions on trunk
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome notes:Initially caused by an N. meningitidis infection, progressing to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, DIC, and coma; rapidly fatal
|
| Neisseria gonorrhea |
Gram - Coccus, Aerobic,
Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular, Diplococci |
Endotoxin, Pili, OPa proteins, IgA protease, Beta-Lactamase |
Gonorrhea, PID, Disseminated gonococcal infection and septic arthritis, ophthalmia neonatorum |
Ceftriaxone, Cefoxitin and doxycycline, spectinomycin |
STD |
(blank) |
| Staph aureus |
Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase +, Beta-hemolytic |
Alpha toxin (septic shock), Beta toxin (sphingomyelinase), Capsule, Protein A, Penicillinase, Hemolysin, Enterotoxin, TSST-1 |
Impetigo, Pyoderma, Bateremia/sepsis, Post-viral pneumonia, Osteomyelitis, Infective arthritis, Acute endocarditis, Food poisoning, Scalded Skin Syndrome, TSS |
Nafcillin, Vanc, 1st Generation cephalosporin, Bactracin |
Nose/Sneeze, Contact, Nosocomial |
(blank) |
| Staph epidermidis |
Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase - |
Glycocalyx |
Neonatal bateremia and sepsis, Subacuate endocarditis, Prosthetic valve infection |
Vanc, linezolid, daptomycin |
Normal flora |
(blank) |
| Staph saprophyticus |
Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes,
Catalase +, Coagulase- |
Hemaglutinin protein and surface proteins--> attachement to urinary tract epithelial cells |
UTI |
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole |
Normal flora of genitourinary tract |
(blank) |
| Strep pyogenes |
Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Catalase -, Beta-Hemolytic, Bacitracin Sensitive |
Hyaluronic acid capsule, M Protein, Streptolysins O and S, Pyrogenic Exotoxin, Exoenzymes |
Pharyngitis, Impetigo, Erysipela, Cellulitis, Puerperal Infection, Necrotizing fasciitis, Scarlet fever, TSLS, Acute rheumatic fever, Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis |
Penicillin, Erythromycin, Sulfonamides |
Normal flora of skin and oropharynx, causing infection with penetration of tissues |
(blank) |
| Strep pneumoniae |
Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Lancet-shaped diplococci, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin sensitive |
Capsule, Pneumolysin |
Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia, Meningitis (adult), Otitis media, Sinusitis, Chronic bronchitis, Conjunctivitis |
Penicillin, Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Vanc |
Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract; Meningitis with spread from sinusitis or otitis media |
Prevnar (Infants) and Pnuemovax (adults)
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| Strep agalactiae |
Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Paired cocci, Catalase -, Beta-hemolytic, Bacitracin resistant |
Capsule, Sialic acid
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Neonatal pneumonia and Meningitis
|
Penicillin G +/- Gent, Vanc, Ampicillin + Gent
|
Normal flora of vagina; Vertical transmission at birth
|
(blank) |
| Strep viridans |
Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic,
Catalase -, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin resistant |
Glycocalyx, Lipoteichoic acid, Glucans
|
Dental Caries, Subacute endocarditis
|
Penicillin + Gent, Vanc
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Carried in mouth
|
(blank) |
| Clostridium perfringens |
Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - |
Enterotoxins, Alpha toxin |
Food poisoning, Gas gangrene, Endometritis, Cellulitis |
Penicillin G, Metronidazole, Hyperbaric oxygen |
Spores in soil, dust, and air, entering wound sites |
(blank) |
| Clostridium tetani |
Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - |
Spore-forming; toxin blocks inhibition--> lock jaw, opisthotonic posturing |
Lockjaw/opisthotonic |
Metronidazole, Tetanus anti-toxin, Respiratory support, Control of rigidity and spasms with benzodiazepines |
Spores occur in soil and disease occurs by entry of spores into wound sites; umbilical stump infection in neonates |
vaccine: DPT |
| Clostridium difficile |
Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - |
Flagella, spores with enterotoxins |
Pseudomembranous colitis, Bloody diarrhea |
IV Metronidazole, Oral Vancomycin, Water and electrolytes |
Spores infecting wound sites |
(blank) |
| Clostridium botulinum |
Gram + Rods, Anaerobic,
Catalase - |
Blocks acetylcholine release |
Diffuse paralysis |
Botulinum anti-toxin, Metronidazole, Vanc |
Airborne spores |
(blank) |
| E. coli |
Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes,
Lactose fermenting |
Type I fimbriae |
Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, UTI with indwelling catheter, Neonatal Meningitis |
(blank) |
(blank) |
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| ETEC |
Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
|
CFA pili, LT Toxin (cholera-like), ST Toxin; Non-Invasive |
Watery, secretory diarrhea known as Traveler's Diarrhea |
Fluid and electrolyte replacement |
(blank) |
Sources: Salads, fruits, vegetables |
| EPEC |
Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
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No enterotoxins |
Secretory and Mucoid Diarrhea |
Fluid and electrolyte replacement |
(blank) |
(blank) |
| EAgEC |
Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
|
(blank) |
Secretory Diarrhea |
Fluid and electrolyte replacement |
(blank) |
(blank) |
| EHEC |
Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
|
Bfp Pilus, Shiga toxin |
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Colitis |
(blank) |
(blank) |
Type: O157:H7
Sources: Beef, Apple juice, Radishes |
| EIEC |
Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
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Shigella-like Toxin |
Blood, pus, and mucous in diarrhea |
(blank) |
(blank) |
(blank) |
| UPEC |
Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes
|
(blank) |
Cystitis, Neonatal Meningitis, UTI, Pyelonephritis |
Ampicillin, Bactrim, Ampicillin + Gentamycin |
(blank) |
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