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Overview of bugs

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Bug Name
Labs
Toxins
Diseases
Treatment
Transmission
Other
Neisseria meningitidis   Gram - Coccus, Aerobic, Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular Diplococci   Capsule, Pili, LOS   Acute purulent meningitis, Meningococcemia, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome   Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime   Colonizes the nasopharynx; Horizontal transmission via respiratory droplets   Symptoms: Petechial lesions on trunk Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome notes:Initially caused by an N. meningitidis infection, progressing to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, DIC, and coma; rapidly fatal  
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Neisseria gonorrhea   Gram - Coccus, Aerobic, Catalase +, Oxidase +, Intracellular, Diplococci   Endotoxin, Pili, OPa proteins, IgA protease, Beta-Lactamase   Gonorrhea, PID, Disseminated gonococcal infection and septic arthritis, ophthalmia neonatorum   Ceftriaxone, Cefoxitin and doxycycline, spectinomycin   STD   (blank)  
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Staph aureus   Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes, Catalase +, Coagulase +, Beta-hemolytic   Alpha toxin (septic shock), Beta toxin (sphingomyelinase), Capsule, Protein A, Penicillinase, Hemolysin, Enterotoxin, TSST-1   Impetigo, Pyoderma, Bateremia/sepsis, Post-viral pneumonia, Osteomyelitis, Infective arthritis, Acute endocarditis, Food poisoning, Scalded Skin Syndrome, TSS   Nafcillin, Vanc, 1st Generation cephalosporin, Bactracin   Nose/Sneeze, Contact, Nosocomial   (blank)  
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Staph epidermidis   Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes, Catalase +, Coagulase -   Glycocalyx   Neonatal bateremia and sepsis, Subacuate endocarditis, Prosthetic valve infection   Vanc, linezolid, daptomycin   Normal flora   (blank)  
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Staph saprophyticus   Gram Positive Cocci, Facultative Anaerobes, Catalase +, Coagulase-   Hemaglutinin protein and surface proteins--> attachement to urinary tract epithelial cells   UTI   Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole   Normal flora of genitourinary tract   (blank)  
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Strep pyogenes   Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic, Catalase -, Beta-Hemolytic, Bacitracin Sensitive   Hyaluronic acid capsule, M Protein, Streptolysins O and S, Pyrogenic Exotoxin, Exoenzymes   Pharyngitis, Impetigo, Erysipela, Cellulitis, Puerperal Infection, Necrotizing fasciitis, Scarlet fever, TSLS, Acute rheumatic fever, Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis   Penicillin, Erythromycin, Sulfonamides   Normal flora of skin and oropharynx, causing infection with penetration of tissues   (blank)  
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Strep pneumoniae   Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic, Lancet-shaped diplococci, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin sensitive   Capsule, Pneumolysin   Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia, Meningitis (adult), Otitis media, Sinusitis, Chronic bronchitis, Conjunctivitis   Penicillin, Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Vanc   Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract; Meningitis with spread from sinusitis or otitis media   Prevnar (Infants) and Pnuemovax (adults)  
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Strep agalactiae   Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic, Paired cocci, Catalase -, Beta-hemolytic, Bacitracin resistant   Capsule, Sialic acid   Neonatal pneumonia and Meningitis   Penicillin G +/- Gent, Vanc, Ampicillin + Gent   Normal flora of vagina; Vertical transmission at birth   (blank)  
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Strep viridans   Gram Positive Cocci, Microaerophilic, Catalase -, Alpha-hemolytic, Optochin resistant   Glycocalyx, Lipoteichoic acid, Glucans   Dental Caries, Subacute endocarditis   Penicillin + Gent, Vanc   Carried in mouth   (blank)  
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Clostridium perfringens   Gram + Rods, Anaerobic, Catalase -   Enterotoxins, Alpha toxin   Food poisoning, Gas gangrene, Endometritis, Cellulitis   Penicillin G, Metronidazole, Hyperbaric oxygen   Spores in soil, dust, and air, entering wound sites   (blank)  
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Clostridium tetani   Gram + Rods, Anaerobic, Catalase -   Spore-forming; toxin blocks inhibition--> lock jaw, opisthotonic posturing   Lockjaw/opisthotonic   Metronidazole, Tetanus anti-toxin, Respiratory support, Control of rigidity and spasms with benzodiazepines   Spores occur in soil and disease occurs by entry of spores into wound sites; umbilical stump infection in neonates   vaccine: DPT  
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Clostridium difficile   Gram + Rods, Anaerobic, Catalase -   Flagella, spores with enterotoxins   Pseudomembranous colitis, Bloody diarrhea   IV Metronidazole, Oral Vancomycin, Water and electrolytes   Spores infecting wound sites   (blank)  
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Clostridium botulinum   Gram + Rods, Anaerobic, Catalase -   Blocks acetylcholine release   Diffuse paralysis   Botulinum anti-toxin, Metronidazole, Vanc   Airborne spores   (blank)  
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E. coli   Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes, Lactose fermenting   Type I fimbriae   Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, UTI with indwelling catheter, Neonatal Meningitis   (blank)   (blank)   (blank)  
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ETEC   Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes   CFA pili, LT Toxin (cholera-like), ST Toxin; Non-Invasive   Watery, secretory diarrhea known as Traveler's Diarrhea   Fluid and electrolyte replacement   (blank)   Sources: Salads, fruits, vegetables  
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EPEC   Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes   No enterotoxins   Secretory and Mucoid Diarrhea   Fluid and electrolyte replacement   (blank)   (blank)  
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EAgEC   Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes   (blank)   Secretory Diarrhea   Fluid and electrolyte replacement   (blank)   (blank)  
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EHEC   Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes   Bfp Pilus, Shiga toxin   Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Colitis   (blank)   (blank)   Type: O157:H7 Sources: Beef, Apple juice, Radishes  
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EIEC   Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes   Shigella-like Toxin   Blood, pus, and mucous in diarrhea   (blank)   (blank)   (blank)  
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UPEC   Gram - Rods, Facultative Anaerobes   (blank)   Cystitis, Neonatal Meningitis, UTI, Pyelonephritis   Ampicillin, Bactrim, Ampicillin + Gentamycin   (blank)   (blank)  
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