sociology of physical anthropology chapter 4 study guide
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| selective breeding | a practice whereby animal or plant breeders choose which individual animals or plants will be allowed to mate based on the traits they hope to produce
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| hybrids | offspring of parents who differ from each other with regard to certain traits or certain aspects of genetic makeup; heterozygotes
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| principle of segregation | genes occur in pairs. during gamete formation, the members of each pair of alleles separate, so that each gamete contains one member of each pair.
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| recessive | describing a trait that isn't expressed in heterozygotes; also refers to the allele that governs the trait. for a recessive allele to be expressed, an individual must have two copies of it
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| dominant | in genetics, describing a trait governed by an allele that's expressed in the presence of another allele . dominant alleles prevent the expression of recessive alleles in heterozygotes
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| locus | the position on a chromosome where a given gene occurs
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| alleles | alternate forms of a gene. alleles occur at the same locus on both members of a pair of chromozomes, and they influence the same trait. but because they're slightly different from one another, their action may result in different expressions of that trait
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| alleles continued | the term allele is sometimes used synonymously with gene.
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| homozygous | having the same allele at the same locus on both members of a pair of chromosomes.
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| heterozygous | having different alleles at the same locus on members of a pair of chromosomes.
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| genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual. can refere to an organism's entire genetic makeup or to the allele's at a particular locus.
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