WOM Appendix Glossary of music terms Book 8
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| Atonal Music | Music not rooted in any major or minor key.
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| Basso Continuo | Baroque accompaniment part, played by a harpsichordist or an organist and either a cellist or a bassoonist.
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| Bi-tonal Music | Music occurring in two keys simultaneously.
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| Cadenza | A technically brilliant passage of music usually played right before the final cadence.
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| Celesta | A small keyboard instrument using steel bars to produce sound; first used as an orchestral instrument by Tchaikovsky.
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| Chord | Three or more notes sounding together.
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| Chromatic | Sharps, flats, or naturals not found in the scale or key of composition.
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| Consonant | Sounds that are stable, smooth, and at rest
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| Contrapuntal | Two or more rhythmically and melodically independent lines (POLYPHONIC)
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| Diatonic | Using tones belonging to the scale or key of a piece.
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| Dissonant | Sounds that are unstable, harsh, and active.
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| Dulcimer | A soft-sounding stringed instrument which is held on the player's lap like an autoharp. it has tuning pegs and frets like a guitar.
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| Dynamic Level | The level of softness and loudness in music.
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| Fugue | A composition with imitative contrapuntal texture.
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| Harmony | The progression of one chord to another.
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| Harmonic Cadence | A two-chord progression at the end of each phrase, section, and whole piece.
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| Harpsichord | A favorite keyboard instrument of the Baroque era. The strings of a harpsichord are plucked rather than struck by hammers like the modern day piano.
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| Imitation | The repetition of a certain short melody by subsequent parts or voices.
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| Improvise | To make up or change music during performance.
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| Interval | The distance in pitch between two tones.
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| Key | A series of tones forming any major or minor scale.
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| Legato | To play the notes in a smooth, connected manner.
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| Melody | An organized group of tones or pitches subdivided into phrases.
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| Melodic Cadence | The closing (or ending) tone of each phrase. Scale steps 2, 3, 4, and 5 are used primarily for early and intermediate cadences. Scale step 1 is used for final cadences.
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| Melodic Design | Shows how phrases in a melody are related to each other: a a’ b a’ etc.
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| Melodic Range | The distance from the lowest to the highest melodic tone.
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| Meter | An organized pattern of stronger and weaker beats.
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| Metronome | A device invented in 1816 by Johannes Maezel. Its number scale tells how many beats pass by in each minute.
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| Modulation | The process of changing from one key to another key.
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| Motive | A small, striking, melodic-rhythmic pattern.
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| Non-chord tones | Tones not belonging to the chord sounding on the same beat.
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| Ornaments | Different kinds of melodic turns and thrills
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| Ostinato | A short melodic pattern, usually in the bass, repeated many times.
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| Pedal point | A sustained tone in the lowest register occurring under changing harmonies in the upper part.
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| Phrase | A semi-complete part of a complete melody.
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| Rhythm | The duration or lasting time of musical sounds.
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| Sacred Music | Religious music
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| Scale | A stepwise ladder of tones.
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| Secular music | Non-religious music.
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| Sequence | An exact repetition of a prior phrase beginning on a different tone or pitch.
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| Seventh chord | A chord consisting of four tones with the interval of a seventh between the the top and bottom tones.
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| Staccato | To play the notes in a bouncing or disconnected manner.
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| Syncopation | A rhythmic pattern sounding against the steady, regular beat.
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| Tempo | The speed of steady beats moving in time.
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| Texture | The manner in which all sounding parts are combined in music.
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| Theme | A simple melody on which variations can be made.
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| Triad | A three-tone chord built of thirds (for example, C-E-G).
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| Upbeat | One or more weak-beat tones leading into the first strong beat of a song or phrase.
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| Virtuoso | A performer of great technical ability.
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| Vocal music | Music written for a solo singer or a group of singers.
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