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WOM music terms

WOM Appendix Glossary of music terms Book 8

QuestionAnswer
Atonal Music Music not rooted in any major or minor key.
Basso Continuo Baroque accompaniment part, played by a harpsichordist or an organist and either a cellist or a bassoonist.
Bi-tonal Music Music occurring in two keys simultaneously.
Cadenza A technically brilliant passage of music usually played right before the final cadence.
Celesta A small keyboard instrument using steel bars to produce sound; first used as an orchestral instrument by Tchaikovsky.
Chord Three or more notes sounding together.
Chromatic Sharps, flats, or naturals not found in the scale or key of composition.
Consonant Sounds that are stable, smooth, and at rest
Contrapuntal Two or more rhythmically and melodically independent lines (POLYPHONIC)
Diatonic Using tones belonging to the scale or key of a piece.
Dissonant Sounds that are unstable, harsh, and active.
Dulcimer A soft-sounding stringed instrument which is held on the player's lap like an autoharp. it has tuning pegs and frets like a guitar.
Dynamic Level The level of softness and loudness in music.
Fugue A composition with imitative contrapuntal texture.
Harmony The progression of one chord to another.
Harmonic Cadence A two-chord progression at the end of each phrase, section, and whole piece.
Harpsichord A favorite keyboard instrument of the Baroque era. The strings of a harpsichord are plucked rather than struck by hammers like the modern day piano.
Imitation The repetition of a certain short melody by subsequent parts or voices.
Improvise To make up or change music during performance.
Interval The distance in pitch between two tones.
Key A series of tones forming any major or minor scale.
Legato To play the notes in a smooth, connected manner.
Melody An organized group of tones or pitches subdivided into phrases.
Melodic Cadence The closing (or ending) tone of each phrase. Scale steps 2, 3, 4, and 5 are used primarily for early and intermediate cadences. Scale step 1 is used for final cadences.
Melodic Design Shows how phrases in a melody are related to each other: a a’ b a’ etc.
Melodic Range The distance from the lowest to the highest melodic tone.
Meter An organized pattern of stronger and weaker beats.
Metronome A device invented in 1816 by Johannes Maezel. Its number scale tells how many beats pass by in each minute.
Modulation The process of changing from one key to another key.
Motive A small, striking, melodic-rhythmic pattern.
Non-chord tones Tones not belonging to the chord sounding on the same beat.
Ornaments Different kinds of melodic turns and thrills
Ostinato A short melodic pattern, usually in the bass, repeated many times.
Pedal point A sustained tone in the lowest register occurring under changing harmonies in the upper part.
Phrase A semi-complete part of a complete melody.
Rhythm The duration or lasting time of musical sounds.
Sacred Music Religious music
Scale A stepwise ladder of tones.
Secular music Non-religious music.
Sequence An exact repetition of a prior phrase beginning on a different tone or pitch.
Seventh chord A chord consisting of four tones with the interval of a seventh between the the top and bottom tones.
Staccato To play the notes in a bouncing or disconnected manner.
Syncopation A rhythmic pattern sounding against the steady, regular beat.
Tempo The speed of steady beats moving in time.
Texture The manner in which all sounding parts are combined in music.
Theme A simple melody on which variations can be made.
Triad A three-tone chord built of thirds (for example, C-E-G).
Upbeat One or more weak-beat tones leading into the first strong beat of a song or phrase.
Virtuoso A performer of great technical ability.
Vocal music Music written for a solo singer or a group of singers.
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