BONE_TISSUE
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| define: bone | dynamic and complex, living tissue
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| what are the 6 functions of the skeletal system? | 1. support 2. protection 3.motion 4.mineral homeostasis 5.blood cell circulation 6.triglyceride storage
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| describe diaphysis | the long shaft of a long bone
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| describe epiphysis | the ends of a long bone
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| describe metaphysis | union of diaphysis and epiphysis
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| periosteum: where is it and whats its function | wraps around the bone, nutrition and protection
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| (bone histology) what elements are found in the bone matrix and how much? | water, collagen (25%), hydroxyapatite, mineral salts (50%)
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| what gives bone its hardness? | mineral salts
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| what gives bone its flexibility? | collagen
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| osteoblast: what is it and what does it do | bone cell, build up bone
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| osteoclast: what is it and what does it do | bone cell, tears down bone
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| what percentage of the skeleton consists of compact bone tissue? | 80%
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| what percentage of the skeleton consists of spongy bone tissue? | 20%
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| what is the radioactive tracer in a bone scan? | tech 99
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| hot spots in a bone scan usually mean.. | bone cancer and abnormal bone growth
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| cold spots in a bone scan usually mean.. | rheumatoid arthritis, pagets, fractures, infection
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| where do bone nutrients enter the bone? | enter via periosteum at the nutrient foramen
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| intramembranous ossification, what is it and what happens | 1 of the two types of bone formation, bone formed from bone orgin
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| enchochondral ossification, what is it and what happens | 1 of the two types of bone formation, bone forms as cartilage then turns into bone
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| at what age does epiphyseal plate closure occur? | 18-25
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| list 3 triggers of bone homeostasis | 1. exercise 2.diet 3.sedentary lifestyle
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| what minerals are factors of bone growth? | calcium, magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Phosporus
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| what vitamins are factors of bone growth | vitamin C, vitamin K1, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin k2
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| what hormones are factors of bone growth? | insulin, human growth, and thyroid
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| how does the SAD diet negatively affect bone? | doesn't provide calcium requirement, high protein=calcium loss, high salt=calcium loss
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| what happens in a compound fracture? | bone comes through the skin
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| what happens in a greenstick fracture? | the bone breaks on one side but remains attached on the other
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| where does a potts fracture occur? | tibia
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| where does a colles fracture occur? | radius
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| where does a march fracture occur? | toes
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| where does bar-room fracture occur? | digits 3&4 (ring and pinky)
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| where does boxer fracture occur | digits 1&2 (pointer and middle)
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| what percentage of the skeleton is calcium | 98%-99%
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| 3 factors of calcium homeostasis: | PTH: increases blood calcium, Vitamin D3: increase blood calcium, calcitonin: decrease blood calcium
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| what is wolffs law? | improvement of bone and density via mechanical stress
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| what are the effects of exercise? | increased bone mass and reduced bone loss
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| aging/bone tissue: what happens and what causes it | 1. loss of bone mass: demineralization 2. bone brittleness: decreased protein synthesis
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| what is the pediatric and adult version of rickets? | pediatric: rickets, adult: osteomalacia
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| define osteoporosis, what is happening | age related reduction of bone strength, loss of bone mass
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| 7 risk factors of osteoporosis: | 1. gender 2.family history 3.European or Asian ancestory 4.thin/petite frame 5. sedentary lifestyle 6.tobacco use 7.boozers
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| what prescription medication is used to treat OP? | forteo, calcitonin, actonal. evista, menostar, miacalin, fosamax, reclast
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| non-medical ways to treat OP? | decrease sodium, increase UV radiation, increase exercise, decrease phosphoric acid and carbonation, decrease carbs, vitamins
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