Classics Nov 16
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American character shaped by what? moral, ethics, religion | Puritan
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1st/most famous Puritan group | 1620 Cape Cod
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Everyday/spiritual worlds combined | Puritan
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Who are Puritans? | Protestant groups, purify Church of England, want simple forms of worship b/c personal experience, gov shouldnt get involved
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Puritan: most of humanity | sin, but God sent Jesus to save some
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Puritan: fuzzy lines between.. | saved or sinners
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Puritan values | self-reliance, industriousness, temperence, simplicity
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Mayflower compact = ground for... | constitutional democracy
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Puritan: Saints should influence... | the gov
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Puritan Bible | connect to your life, model for writing (simple), life is a journey to salvation, literal word of God, emphasize education, read and understand theological debates = necessity, close watch on inner/outer events
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Age of REason | Enlightenment
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Rationalism | humans can arrive at truth w/ reason instead of past, faith, or intuition, human history marked by progress to perfecter existence
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Isaac Newton | God vs. clockmaker, earth runs on its own, God gave humans reason - think in ordered, locical manner
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Cotton Mather? | Puritan minister, natural science and medicine, 1st scholarly essay on smallpox medicine, sin =cause of sickness, inoculation- method to deal with smallpox==OPPOSED b/c from Muslims
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Cotton Mather contradiction | he is a Puritan and a practical scientist
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REAlism is a practical approach to social change & scientific research... it caused... | an urge to experiment
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PUritan: God reveals himself | to certain people, possible for ALL to discover natural laws through reason
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Deism | unite all religions, people are naturally good, God's objective = happieness, dont worship, but do good to others
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Self Made Americans lit. | practical, political, organize/govern a nation
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ex of Self Made American lit. | Autobiography by Ben Franklin
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Salem Witchcraft Trials | Mass, doctor diagnosed, accused others, trials, delusion?
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Puritan | 1620-1800
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American Romanticism | 1800-1860
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Autobiography by Ben Franklin (rationalism) | goals = independence, prosperity, commerce, urban civilization, journey to Philadelphia ( success, self-realization)
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Arthur Mervyn by ?? and what type? | Charles Brockden Brown, Romanticism
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Arthur Mervyn | Journey to Phil., plague- ridden world of decay, corruption, evil
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Characteristic Romantic Journey | countryside, independence, moral clarity, healthful living
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Romanticism author | Brown, Poe, Irving, Whittier, Holmes, Dickinson, Thoreau, Melville, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whitman, Cooper
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Poe | Romanticism, Gothc, journey of imagination
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Rip van Winkle by Washington IRving | 1st truly professional writer, immortal story about escape from civilization and responsibility
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American Romanticism | journey away from corruption of civilization, limits of rational thought, integrity of nature and freedom of imagination
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WAshington Irving | Rip van Winkle, The Sketch Book of Geoffry Crayon, Gent
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John Greenleaf Whittier | Justice and Expediency
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Oliver Wendell Holmes | Old Ironsides
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Poe writings | The RAven and Other Poems
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Henry David Thoreau | Walden
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Herman Melville | Moby Dick; or the Whale
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Nathaniel Hawthorne | The Scarlet Letter
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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | The Courtshi of Miles Standish
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Walt Whitman | Leaves of Grass
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Life 1800-1860 biggest city | NYC
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Life 1800-1860 where? | tenement buildings, streets- dirty
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Life 1800-1860 travel by? | horses, injured, collapsed, malnutrition, overwork, left to die on curb, disease( cholera epidemic)
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Life 1800-1860 violence | children , gangs, riots
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Life 1800-1860 William Cullen Bryants idea | Central Park
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Romanticism celebrates imagination | value feeling/int/youth innocence>reason,edu sophistication, art infl, Eur, against rat(lmts), nature, worth of indiv, wisdom of past, supernat, poetry=^est expression, myth, legend, folk culture inspiration, science destroys truth seek, faith inner exper
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Romantic Escapism to Higher Realms/Truth | Exotic settings in natural past, push away dull reality to reveal underlying beauty/truth
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Poe explores | psycological human mind//Gothic
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Romanticism & Puritan similar | drew morals from nature, BUT PUritans found God in nature & Ro= generalized emotional/intellectual
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American Novel | New style/no limits!, as expanded, nationalism
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Powerful role in Am Novel | Town, country, grontier
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James Fenimore Cooper | Precaution, The Spy, The Pioneers
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Stereotype of America b/c of lit. | unsophisticated/uncivilized
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Praise English writers | Holmes and Hawthorne
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Defend Am writers | Mathews and Melville
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Melville writings | Typee, Moby-Dick
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Typee | dif. backgrounds become friends
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Moby-Dick, Typee | darkside to humanity
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Renaissance | rebirth, coming of age
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Lyceum movement | self improvement, intellectual inquiry, edu. adults, training, Ralph Waldo Emerson (speaker)
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Horace Mann | improve public edu
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Dorothea Dix | relieve conditions in institutions (mental)
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William Lloyd Garrison | end slavery
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Eliz Peabody, Margaret Fuller, Emma Willard | womens rights
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Utopian projects | create more perfect society
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Transcendental Club | Emersons utopian group, Immanuel Kant, self must go beyond everyday human experience, intuition to discover truth
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Transcendentalism | idealism, true reality underlays phys appearance, human perfectability
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1850 | military heroes, baseball, cornhusking contests, quilting bees, shorter, die 40, tuberculosis, black plague, big cities-Botson, NY, Phil, Balt, Charleston, marry 13, less crowded
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Influential Transcendentalism | Thoreau
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Renaissance | God revealed himself through bible, phys world, everything is a reflection of God, individualism,
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Ex of God revealing himself (Renaissance) | Bradford-saw death of abusive sailor, Bradstreet-God in nature, fire, Edwards- Gods wisdom, love and purity in sun, moon, mystical world
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Renaissance views on tragic events | explained spiritually, death-simple part of life, evil b/c separated from God,
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Anti-Trans. | Hawthorne, Poe, Melville
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Romanticism and Trans | value intuition, signs in human events
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Romanticism uses | symbolism
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Trans doesnt agree | spiritual facts behind nature, ignore darkside
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Trans explores | good vs. evil, guilt vs. sin
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Realism when | Civil war/post war (1861-5)
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Idealism authors | Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne
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Concord Hymn, begin Am revolution | Emerson
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Walt Whitman | volunteer hospital visitor, wrote to wounded's loved ones, Song of Myself, optimisitic opinion of human character, Drum Taps, Specimen, Days and Collect
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Melville | Pessimism, The Plazza Tales, Bartle by the Scrivener, Battle Pieces and Aspects of the War
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War in LIt | diaries, letters, rare, Ernest Hemingway went to war for purpose of writing about it
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