Blocks 5-7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What 2 functions are separated in the nervous system? | Sensory and Motor
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| Give 2 names for fibers carrying information to the CNS/neurons | Sensory, afferent
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| Give 2 names for fibers carrying information from the CNS/neurons | Motor, efferent
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| Rostral/anterior= | Towards the tip of the head
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| Caudal/posterior= | Towards tip of tail/human feet
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| Dorsal= | "Upper surface of body" (back)
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| Ventral= | "Bottom surface of body" (stomach)
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| Medial vs. Lateral= | Close to midline vs farther from midline
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| How many pairs of spinal nerves branch off from spinal cord? | 31 pairs
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| Each single spinal nerve has 2 roots, name them and their respective locations and functions | Dorsal roots= sensory, afferent. Ventral roots= motor, efferent.
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| What is the DRG and where is it located? | Dorsal Root Ganglia= cell bodies for all sensory neurons entering spinal cord. Located on Dorsal root outside of CNS in Peripheral Nerv. System
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| Each spinal nerve receives info from/sends info to specific striped regions in body called what? | Dermatomes
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| What are cauda equina? | Long nerves that dangle down from spinal cord and branch off to the legs
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| A cold sore on your lip is a sign that what is infected? | The nerve connected to your lip
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| Translucent CNS tissue is called ___, whereas opaque CNS tissue is called ___ | Gray matter, white matter
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| White matter in the CNS is also called what? (3 names) | Tract, fasciculus, or pathway
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| White matter consists of afferent and efferent fibers running which direction and in what form in spinal cord? | Up and down, in myelinated axons
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| Gray matter is the collection of what in the spinal cord? In what form? | Cell bodies, unmyelinated structures
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| Where is the gray matter located and what does it look like? | Central region of spinal cord (Central Gray Region), 4 lobes
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| What is gray matter home to? | Spinal (sensory)dorsal and (motor) ventral function
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| Where is the first cell in sensory pathway's soma located and what is it called? | In the DRG (PNS), first-order neuron (1*)
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| Where is second-order (2*) neuron located in sensory pathway? | Spinal cord (CNS)
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| Where is the third-order neuron (3*) located in sensory pathway? | Brain (CNS)
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| Define decussation | Nerve fibers cross midline to innervate structures on other side of body, therefore left brain controls right side of body and vice versa
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| What is it called when a projection crosses? | Contralateral
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| What is it called when a projection stays on the same side? | Ipsilateral
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| Sensory function uses two types of fibers, name them. | Mechanoreceptors and Nociceptors
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| Mechanoreceptors carry what type of sensory information? | All except pain (pressure, touch)
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| Nociceptors carry what type of sensory information? | Pain. Activated by tissue damage stimuli.
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| Which fibers are larger and quicker; mechanoreceptors or nociceptors? | Mechanoreceptors
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| After mechanoreceptors enter the spinal cord, where does it go? (Be specific) | Ascends ipsilaterally in dorsal column of cord without synapsing
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| (Mechanoreceptors) Where does the 1* cell connect with 2* cell? | In the brainstem
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| (Mechanoreceptors) What does the 2* cell do/where does it go? | Decussates and projects onto 3* neuron in Thalamus
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| What is considered the 'Grand Central Station' for all sensory information? | Thalamus
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| What is the likely transmitter in 1* nociceptors? | Substance P (pain neurotransmitter)
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| Where are the nociceptors' 1* cells located? | DRG
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| (Nociceptors) Where does 1* cell synpast onto 2* cell? | Dorsal horn of spinal cord
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| (Nociceptors) What does the 2* cell do/where does it go? | Deccusate and project to brainstem onto 3* cell in thalamus and reticular formation
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| An epidural is an injection of a substance into spinal cord which blocks what? | Sodium channels so calcium is not released
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| Where is the origin for motor commands? (2 names) ____ motor neurons are housed here. | Cerebral cortex/Motor cortex, upper
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| Where are lower motor neurons located? | Ventral horn of Spinal Cord
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| Describe pathway of motor neurons | Upper MNs project axons to contact lower MN, lower MNs project axons which exit CNS and innervate skeletal muscles
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| Cell bodies of lower MNs are found where in ventral horn? | Gray matter
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| How/where do axons leave SN? | Ventral roots
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| Synapse of LMNs to muscles exclusively uses what NT? | Acetylcholine
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