| term |
definition |
| adverse reaction |
A result of drug therapy that is neither intended nor expected in normal therapeutic use and that causes significant, sometimes life-threatening conditions |
| agonist |
drug that binds to a cell receptor and causes action
Stems from the Greek agonistes, 'contestant', from agon, 'contest'. An agonist is a chemical contestant or contender. |
| antagonist |
drug that inhibits or block the response of a cell when bound to its receptor |
| drug |
A drug is any biological substance, synthetic or non-synthetic, that is taken for non-dietary needs |
| efficacy |
Is the ability to produce a desired amount of a desired effect |
| extra label use |
drug used in manner not specifically described on the FDA-approved label |
| half-life |
the time required for the drug in the body to be reduced by half of its original level |
| metabolism |
the chemical alteration of drug molecules into metabolites by the body cells of animals; AKA biotransformation. |
| parenteral |
adminstered by routes other then the GI track |
| partition coefficient |
A partition coefficient or distribution coefficient is a measure of differential solubility of a compound in two solvents. |
| prescription |
an order, written by a licensed veterinarian, to a pharmacist to prepare the prescribed medicine. |
| drugs |
A medication is a drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition, or may use as preventive medicine that has future benefits but does not treat any existing or pre-existing diseases or symptoms |
| regimen |
regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise, intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect |
| residue |
broadly, is anything left behind by a reaction or other process. |
| withdrawal time |
Discontinuation of the use of an addictive substance.
The physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies such discontinuation |
| veterinarian-client-patient relationship |
a relationship between a vet and a client for which the vet assumes the responsiblity for making clinical judgements regarding the health of the animals and the need for medical treatment, and the client agrees to follow advice |
| pharmacology |
study of drugs: history, source, physical and chemical properties, drugs effects and therapeutic uses |
| 5 rights of drug admin |
patient, drug, dose, time, route |
| Routes |
PO, Topical, SQ, IM, IV |
| Barriers |
Blood-Brain, Blood-Intestinal, Blood-Mammary, Blood-aqueous, Blood-Placenta |
| Pharmacokinetics |
study of absorbtion, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug from the body and the rate. |
| parmacodynamics |
effecs of a drug ont he body and the mechanisms by which the drug acts |
| absorption methods |
passive; diffusion..active; active transport from < concentration > concentration; pinocytosis; formation of invaginations by the cell membrane which close/break to form fluid-flld valuoles |
| metabolism |
AKA biotransformation, occurs primarily in liver |
| excretion |
kidneys, lungs, bowels, mammary glands, sweat |
| ED 50 |
dose of drug that is effective in 50% of tested pop |
| LD 50 |
dose of the drug that is lethal in 50% of the tested pop |
| therapeutic index |
LD 50/ED 50; distance between the drugs effectivness level and toxicity level > the value safer |
| therapeutic ratio |
LD 25/ED 75; better then the indes |
| half-life |
time it takes for the original conc to be reduced by 50%; T 1/2 |
| Label requirements, mftr |
drug name, drug strength, mftr name and addr, CS Classification, Mftr control #, Exp date, instructions |
| oral |
cross GI |
| Topical |
must be absorbed into the cells of the skin or MM to be effective |
| SQ |
absorbed from injection site |
| IV |
bloodstream, immediate blood level of drug |
| slowest to fastest |
PO<
|
| fastest to slowest |
IC/IT>>IV>>IM>>SQ>>PO |
| absorption |
goal to acheive adequate abs at the receptor organ |
| Metabolism/Biotransformation |
liver; detox and conjugation for excretion |
| conjugation |
biotransformed into a metabloite:In metabolism, conjugation is a biochemical process to bind a substance to an acid and thereby deactivating its biological activity, making it water-soluble, and facilitating its excretion. |
| excretion |
Kidneys primary, (test creatinine, BUN) Lungs, bowels, mammary glands, sweat |
| Variation factors |
disease state, nutritive state, hydration, temperament, history, genetics |
| manufacturer label |
name, strenght, qty, name/address, CS classification, Control #, exp date, instructions |
| Pharmacy label |
vet name, addr, phone, client, ID animal, date, mediation, directions, cautions, strength |
| DEA |
controlled substance |
| FDA |
V/C/P relationship, extra label and label requir., requir reliable analytical methods for detect of residuals in foodstuffs, withdrawal periods for food animals----approval |
| EPA |
topical pesticides |
| USDA |
develop and approve biologicals, vaccines etc. |
| toxicity eval |
dose at which a drug induces organ or tissue damage |
| teratogenicity |
capacity to cause birth defects |
| Therapy |
Tx of disease |
| Kinetics |
study of motion |
| para- |
apart from |
| entero |
intestine |
| intravenous |
within the vein |
| intramuscular |
within the muscle |
| subcutaneous |
beneath the skin into the subdermis |
| intraperitoneal |
within the abdominal body cavity |
| epidural/subdural/intrathecal |
above the dura matter of the meninges etc. |
| intraarterial |
within the arterh |
| intradermal |
within the skin |
| intracardiac |
within the heart |
| intradedullary/intraosseious |
within the medullary cavity of the bone |
| loading dose |
inital dose given to get concentation up to the theraputic range |
| maintenace dose |
dose that maintaines the therapueutic range |
| passive diffusion |
movement of atoms, ions or molecules from an area of high conc to an area of low |
| facilitated diffusion |
utilizes a special carrier molecule |
| active transport |
carrier molecule and energy |
| chloramphenicol |
blood-brain barrier (is a bacteriostatic antibiotic) |
| insulin |
blood-acqueous barrier (Insulin cannot be taken by mouth because it would be destroyed by digestion. Instead, most people who need insulin take insulin shots. ) |
| griseofulvin |
blood-placenta barrier (Griseofulvin is used to treat skin infections such as jock itch, athlete's foot, and ringworm; and fungal infections of the scalp, fingernails, and toenails) |
