A result of drug therapy that is neither intended nor expected in normal therapeutic use and that causes significant, sometimes life-threatening conditions
agonist
drug that binds to a cell receptor and causes action
Stems from the Greek agonistes, 'contestant', from agon, 'contest'. An agonist is a chemical contestant or contender.
antagonist
drug that inhibits or block the response of a cell when bound to its receptor
drug
A drug is any biological substance, synthetic or non-synthetic, that is taken for non-dietary needs
efficacy
Is the ability to produce a desired amount of a desired effect
extra label use
drug used in manner not specifically described on the FDA-approved label
half-life
the time required for the drug in the body to be reduced by half of its original level
metabolism
the chemical alteration of drug molecules into metabolites by the body cells of animals; AKA biotransformation.
parenteral
adminstered by routes other then the GI track
partition coefficient
A partition coefficient or distribution coefficient is a measure of differential solubility of a compound in two solvents.
prescription
an order, written by a licensed veterinarian, to a pharmacist to prepare the prescribed medicine.
drugs
A medication is a drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition, or may use as preventive medicine that has future benefits but does not treat any existing or pre-existing diseases or symptoms
regimen
regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise, intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect
residue
broadly, is anything left behind by a reaction or other process.
withdrawal time
Discontinuation of the use of an addictive substance.
The physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies such discontinuation
veterinarian-client-patient relationship
a relationship between a vet and a client for which the vet assumes the responsiblity for making clinical judgements regarding the health of the animals and the need for medical treatment, and the client agrees to follow advice
pharmacology
study of drugs: history, source, physical and chemical properties, drugs effects and therapeutic uses
study of absorbtion, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug from the body and the rate.
parmacodynamics
effecs of a drug ont he body and the mechanisms by which the drug acts
absorption methods
passive; diffusion..active; active transport from < concentration > concentration; pinocytosis; formation of invaginations by the cell membrane which close/break to form fluid-flld valuoles
metabolism
AKA biotransformation, occurs primarily in liver
excretion
kidneys, lungs, bowels, mammary glands, sweat
ED 50
dose of drug that is effective in 50% of tested pop
LD 50
dose of the drug that is lethal in 50% of the tested pop
therapeutic index
LD 50/ED 50; distance between the drugs effectivness level and toxicity level > the value safer
therapeutic ratio
LD 25/ED 75; better then the indes
half-life
time it takes for the original conc to be reduced by 50%; T 1/2
Label requirements, mftr
drug name, drug strength, mftr name and addr, CS Classification, Mftr control #, Exp date, instructions
oral
cross GI
Topical
must be absorbed into the cells of the skin or MM to be effective
SQ
absorbed from injection site
IV
bloodstream, immediate blood level of drug
slowest to fastest
PO<
fastest to slowest
IC/IT>>IV>>IM>>SQ>>PO
absorption
goal to acheive adequate abs at the receptor organ
Metabolism/Biotransformation
liver; detox and conjugation for excretion
conjugation
biotransformed into a metabloite:In metabolism, conjugation is a biochemical process to bind a substance to an acid and thereby deactivating its biological activity, making it water-soluble, and facilitating its excretion.
vet name, addr, phone, client, ID animal, date, mediation, directions, cautions, strength
DEA
controlled substance
FDA
V/C/P relationship, extra label and label requir., requir reliable analytical methods for detect of residuals in foodstuffs, withdrawal periods for food animals----approval
EPA
topical pesticides
USDA
develop and approve biologicals, vaccines etc.
toxicity eval
dose at which a drug induces organ or tissue damage
teratogenicity
capacity to cause birth defects
Therapy
Tx of disease
Kinetics
study of motion
para-
apart from
entero
intestine
intravenous
within the vein
intramuscular
within the muscle
subcutaneous
beneath the skin into the subdermis
intraperitoneal
within the abdominal body cavity
epidural/subdural/intrathecal
above the dura matter of the meninges etc.
intraarterial
within the arterh
intradermal
within the skin
intracardiac
within the heart
intradedullary/intraosseious
within the medullary cavity of the bone
loading dose
inital dose given to get concentation up to the theraputic range
maintenace dose
dose that maintaines the therapueutic range
passive diffusion
movement of atoms, ions or molecules from an area of high conc to an area of low
facilitated diffusion
utilizes a special carrier molecule
active transport
carrier molecule and energy
chloramphenicol
blood-brain barrier (is a bacteriostatic antibiotic)
insulin
blood-acqueous barrier (Insulin cannot be taken by mouth because it would be destroyed by digestion. Instead, most people who need insulin take insulin shots. )
griseofulvin
blood-placenta barrier (Griseofulvin is used to treat skin infections such as jock itch, athlete's foot, and ringworm; and fungal infections of the scalp, fingernails, and toenails)
Beef Production
