| Question |
Answer |
| prokaryotes have/lack mesosome |
have |
| prokaryotes have/lack PM |
have |
| prokaryotes have/lack mitochondria |
lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack lysosome |
lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack ER |
lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack golgi apparatus |
lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack nucleus |
lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack embedded cholesterol in lipid bilayer |
lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack histone |
lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack ETC |
have (special ETC not in mitochondria) |
| prokaryotes have/lack ribosome |
have |
| two types of angiosperm |
monocot(narrow leaf), dicot(broad leaf) |
| cambrium is |
source of 2nd growth of plants which develops into phloem and xylem. |
| phloem is |
transports nutrients down stem |
| xylem is |
transports water up stem |
| vascular tissue transporting nutrients down stem |
phloem |
| vascular tissue transporting water up stem |
xylem |
| plants lacking vascular tissues |
non-trachephyte |
| non-trachephyte is |
plants lacking vascular tissues |
| stomata |
control gas exchange by opening/closing |
| control gas exchange by opening/closing |
stomata |
| stroma |
fluid inner membrane of chloroplast |
| fluid inner membrane of chloroplast |
stroma |
| thylakoid |
photosynthetic pigment in chloroplast |
| photosynthetic pigment in chloroplast |
thylakoid |
| meristem |
undifferentiated cells in plants |
| undifferentiated cells in plants |
meristem |
| apical meristem |
undifferentiated cells that eventually develop into branches and flowers |
| undifferentiated cells that eventually develop into branches and flowers |
apical meristems |
| NT consists of |
sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base |
| nucleoside consists of |
sugar + nitrogenous base |
| lyase breaks down |
C-C, C-O, C-N |
| when the sigmoidal curve for Hb is shifted to right the affinity of O2 is decreased/increased |
decreased, hence releasing O2 |
| effect of H+ on Hb sigmoidal curve |
shifts right` |
| Red marrow |
form RBC, leukocyte, thrombocyte |
| what part of a bone forms RBC, leukocyte, thrombocyte |
Red marrow |
| Yellow marrow |
stores fat |
| what part of a bone stores fat |
yellow marrow` |
| under what condition is yellow marrow converted to red marrow |
when blood supply is low |
| megakaryocyte |
produces platelets |
| what produeces platelets |
megakaryocyte |
| types of leukocytes |
never let monkeys eat banana (neutrophil, lymphocyte, macrocyte, eosinophil, basophil) |
| giberellins |
hormone which allows stem elongation and induces plants to flower |
| hormone which allows stem elongation and induces plants to flower |
giberellins |
| cytokinin |
hormone which promotes cell division |
| hormone which promotes cell division |
cytokinin |
| ethylene |
fruuit ripening |
| abscisic acid |
inhibit planht growth hormone |
| what inhibits plant growth hormone |
abscisic acid |
| structure of collagen |
triple helix |
| plants have/lack centriole |
lack |
| animals have/lack centriole |
have |
| blue green algae is in what domain |
monera(cyanobacteria) |
| most accurate way to work out molecular structure |
x-ray diffraction |
| gram +/- bacteria have thick peptidoglycan |
+ |
| gram +/- bacteria appear purple after gram staining |
+ |
| gram +/- bacteria have thin peptidoglycan |
- |
| gram +/- bacteria are pathogenic |
- |
| teichoic acid used as |
binding site used by bacterial viruses on gram positive bacteria |
| middle ear contains |
3 occipitals, mallus, incus, stapes |
| inner ear contains |
semicircular canal (for balance) and cochlea (converts sound wave into neural messages) |
| glucagon produced in |
pancreatic alpha |
| insulin produced in |
pancreatic beta |
| aldosterone causes |
Na+, H2O reabsorption, K+ secretion |
| fungi composed of filaments called __, collectively called |
hyphae, mycelium |
| fungi reproduces sexually/asexually |
both |
| eg of saprophytic |
all fungi |
| fungi lack/have cell walls |
have, (chitin) |
| habitat |
physical environment in which organism occupies |
| physical environment in which organism occupies |
habitat |
| niche |
ROLE an organism plays in a community |
| community |
interaction between different species |
| interaction between different species |
community |
| ROLE an organism plays in a community |
niche |
| arthropods have open/closed circulatory system |
open |
| nephridia is |
excretory structure in annelids |
| annelids have open/closed circulatory system |
closed |
| 3 stages of fetus development |
morula blastrula gastrula (must be good) |
| morula to blastrula by mitosis or meiosis |
mitosis |
| nervous system is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
ectoderm |
| skeleton is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
mesoderm |
| gonad is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
mesoderm |
| kidney is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
mesoderm |
| circulatory system is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
mesoderm |
| lining of bladder is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
endoderm |
| liver is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
endoderm |
| pancreas is ecto/endo/mesoderm |
endoderm |
| cells of stomach |
chief, parietal, G-cell |
| how does stomach wall not degraded by acid |
mucous protects stomch |
| some eg of cnidaria |
hydras, jellyfish, sea anemoas |
| stinging cells in Cnidaria called |
nematocyst |
| nematocysts |
stinging cells in Cnidaria |
| eg of cartilaginous fish |
shark, rays |
| distinguishing feature about cartilaginous fish |
skel composed of cartilage |
| shark, rays eg of what fish |
cartilaginous fish |
| characteristics of chordates |
Do Not Pinch People
dorsal hallow nerve cord
notocord
pharangeal slits
postanal tail |
| structure of collagen |
triple helix, every 3rd position occupied by Glycine |
| how body releases Ca2+ |
PTH => inc. osteoclast |
| how body decreases Ca2+ |
calcitonin => inc. osteoblast |
| posterior pituitary releases |
oxytocin, ADH |
| ADH released from |
posterior pituitary |
| calcitonin released from |
thyroid |
| PTH released from |
parathyroid |
| epinephrine inc or dec blood sugar level |
increase |
| eg of catecholamine |
epinephrine, NE |
| thyroxin released from what and its effect |
thyroid gland, inc basal metablolic rate |
| reverse transcription |
RNA -> DNA |
| adaptive radiation aka |
divergent evolution |
| divergent evolution aka |
adaptive radiation |
| hardy weinberg requires no |
maggie may does not smoke + isolation
mutation
migration
drift
non-random mating
selection
|
| hardy weinberg shows |
how genotype and phenotype stability can be achieved |
| chromosomal inversion |
one chromosome turned 180 degrees |
| chromosomal translocation |
2 non homogeneous chromosomes interchange genes |
| anticodon |
triplet of NT on tRNA |
| maternal DNA seen in |
mitochondria |
| dowm syndrome, number of chromosome in an individual with this syndrome |
trisomy 21, 47 |
| Turner syndrome, number of chromosome in an individual with this syndrome |
lack an X chromosome, 44 autosome, 1 sex chromosome => total of 45 chromosme |
| turner syndrome symptom |
less feminine (no ovaries) |
| kleinfelter syndrome |
XXY or XXXY, ALWAYS 44 autosome |
| kleinfelter syndrome symptom |
sterile, feminine males |
| sterile, feminine males symtom of __ syndrome |
kleinfelter |
| less feminine (no ovaries) symptom of __ syndrome |
turner |
| spermatozoa matured in |
epididymis |
| __ cells secrete testeosterone |
ledig |
| spermatogenisis occurs in |
semineferous tubule |
| darwin's therory on molecular genetics and mutations |
never discussed these ideas |
| corpus luteum turnes into __ in case no ferilization occurs |
corpus albican |
| where does fertilzation occur |
fallopian tube |
| oocyte development halted at __ until puberty |
prophase I of meiosis |
| amphixous and tunicates are __ phylum that lack __ |
chordata, vertebrates (ie they're invertebrates) |
| all vertebrates are in __ phylum |
chordata |
| special feature about amphixous and tunicates |
chordates which are invertebrates. they don't lose their notochord like all other chordates |
| genetic code universal except for __ |
mitochondria and chloroplast |
| cholecystokinin is made in __ its role is to __ |
duodenum, stimulate bile release from gall bladder |
| secretin is made in __ its role is to __ |
duodenum, stimulate production of pancreatic juice |
| enterogasterase is made in __ its role is to __ |
duodenum, inhibit stomach gland secretion |
| breathing rate is sensitive to H+ or CO2 or O2 |
all |
| eg of veins carrying o2'd blood |
umbilical vein, pulmonary vein |
| ductus venosus |
umbilical vein -> (bypass liver) -> inferior vena cava |
| foramen ovale |
shunt flow from right to left atrium |
| ductus arteriosus |
pulmonary artery -> (bypass lung) -> aorta |
| how does gas exchange occur in fetal lung |
doesn't occur |
| __ allows left and right hemispheres of brain to communicate |
corpus callosum |
| during light __ produced in __. |
O2, NADPH high [H+], ATP(from H+ gradient) |
| dark rxn known as __ occurs in |
calvin cycle, stroma |
| calvin cycle requires __ for each CO2 that becomes incorporated in carbohydrate |
3ATP, 2NADPH |
| final product of calvin cycle |
G3P, NOT glucose!! |
| production of 1 glucose via calvin cycle requires __ ATP , __ NADPH |
18, 12 |
| ligament connects __ to _ |
bone to bone |
| tendons connect __ to __ |
bone to muscle |
| haversion canals have |
blood vessels, nerves |
| phylum mollusca divides into __ and __ |
cephalopoda, gastropoda |
| cephalopoda in __ phylum, includes __ |
mollusca, squid, octopus |
| class crustacean in __ phylum inclucdes |
arthropoda, crab, shrimp, lobster |
| class arachnida in __ phylum includes |
arthropoda, scoprians, spiders |
| shrimp in __ class, __ phylum |
crustacean, arthropoda |
| spider in __ class, __ phylum |
arachnida, arthropoda |
| bile produced in |
liver |
| N. waste -> urea occurs in |
liver |
| major glycogen storage |
liver |
| analogous structure = __ evolution |
convergent eg. bat vs bird wings |
| homologous structure = __ evolution |
divergent |
| transpiration is |
loss of H2O from leaves |
| hydrolysis |
using water to split molecules |
| hydration |
addn of water |
| diapause |
resting condition of insect similar to animal hibernation |
| if body doesn't produce enough ADH, |
loss of H2O, large quantity of urine |
| diabetes insipidus caused by |
not enough ADH produced |
| type 1 diabetes mellitus |
autoimmune destroyes pancreatic beta cells |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus |
body resistant to insulin |
| sugar in urine symptom of |
diabetes mellitus |
| common symptom of diabetes melllitus |
sugar in urine |
| most reabsorption in kidney occurs in |
proximal tubule |
| sugar actively/passively reabsorbed |
actively |
| major secretion in kidney occurs in |
distal tubule |
| mRNA produced by |
RNA polymerase |
| PKU disease |
lack enzymes for phenylalanine |
| __ disease lack enzymes for phenylalanine |
PKU |
| gout |
uric acid crystals deposit |
| uric acid crystals deposit |
gout |
| diabetes insipidus caused by |
not enought vasopressin |
| tay sach |
defective lysosome |
| defective lysosome |
tay sach |
| hashimoto's disease |
defective thyroid |
| defective thyroid |
hasimoto's disease |
| RBC lacks |
mitochondria, nucleus |
| nuclues in sperm in |
head |
| tropoblast is |
precursor of placenta |
| precursor of placenta called |
tropoblast |
| fish has __ chambered heart |
2 |
| frog has __ chambered heart |
3 |
| bird has __ chambered heart |
4 |
| __ absorbs digest fat from intestine |
lacteal (small lymph vessel) |
| sexual dimorphism |
male and female differ in appearance |
| B-cell results in __ which causes |
humoral immune response, produce antibodies in blood and lymph |
| T-cell developed in __ results in __ which causes |
thymus, cell-mediated immune response, apoptosis |
| newly hatched duck following moving object eg of |
imprinting |
| imprinting is __. an eg is |
learning occuring at a particular stage of life, newly hatched duck following parents |
| Barr body is |
inactivated X chromosome |
| hemizygous is __ eg is |
having single copy of gene, instead of two. eg. male XY |
| chondrichthys |
skates and sharks |
| amphibian |
toads frogs |
| aves |
birds |
| agnatha |
hagfish, lamprey |
| genetic drift |
change in allele freq caused by PHENOMINA, entirely from CHANCE |
| speciation |
process by which new species arrive |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
clone DNA |
| __ technique to clone DNA |
PCR |
| product of kreb cycle |
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP |
| bacteria derive E from |
glycolysis, ETC (special) |
| cross-over occurs in |
prophase 1 of meiosis |
| chlorphyll in |
thylakoid |
| ledig cell |
secretes testosteron |
| purpose of lactate prductino in active muscle |
replenish NAD+ for glycolysis |
| apocrine gland |
gland that respond to stress |
| eccrine gland |
maintains body temp |
| cnidoblast |
cells located in tentacles of coelenterate, filled with nematocyst |
| ion in chlorophyll |
Mg2+ |
| ion in Hb |
Fe2+ |
| each NT bound to the next one by __ bond |
phosphodiester (3'OH to 5'OH) |
| __develops into umbilical cord |
allantois |
| stroke volume |
volume of blood pump in each beat |
| achondoplasia |
dwarfism |
| progeria |
premature aging |
| 2 negative inhibitions in female hormone |
estrogen -FSH, progesterone -LH |
| Glycolysis end product |
pyruvate |
| ABO bloodgroup represents |
polymorphysm |
| reptiles have __ chambered heart |
3 |
| tunicates |
invertebrate with notocord |
| amphixous |
invertebrate with notocord |
| vegetative propagation |
asexual reproduction in plants |
| asexual reproduction in plants called |
vegetative propagation |
| double fertilization in plants |
sperm (1N) unites with zygote (2N) to form 3N (endosperm) |
| cotyledon |
forms leaves after germination |
| amphibians have closed/open circulatory |
closed |
| most abundent product of metabolism |
CO2 |
| denaturing protein affects primary or sec, or tert, or quternary structure |
all except for primary structure (sequence of AA) |
| female part of flower |
pistil |
| male part of flower |
stamen |
| anther |
chamber where pollen develops |
| chamber where pollen develops |
anther |
| immature male gametophyte |
pollen |
| 3 parts of pistil |
ovary, style, stigma |
| part which catches pollens |
stigma |
| in plants haploid gametophyte is multi/unicelluar |
multicellular |
| in animals haploid gametophyte is multi/unicellular |
unicellular |
| subunits in Hb |
2alpha, 2beta |
| transposable elements |
can cut themselves, reinsert in another area |
| how do somatic cells alter genetic constitution without meiosis |
via transposable elements |
| major criteron in defining a species |
reproductive isolation |
| mollusca have open/closed circulatory system |
cephalopods - closed
gastropods - open |
| cephalopods have low/high O2 demand |
high, for jet propulsion |
| virus containing RNA calle |
retrovirus |
| cruetzfeldt-jacob |
prion disease |
| kingdom protista includes |
paramecium, green algae |
| paramecium in what kingdom |
protista |
| green algae in what kingdom |
protista |
| blue green algae in what kingdom |
monera |
| nematoda |
hookworm, pinworm |
| platyhelminths |
tapeworm |
| hookworm in phylum |
nematoda |
| pinworm in what phylum |
nematod |
| tapeworm in what phylum |
platyhelminths |
| deuterosteome |
echinoderm + chordata, anus -> mouth |
| bryophyte |
non-vascular (non-tracheophyte), mosses, liverworts |
| non-tracheophytic plants in what phylum |
bryophyte |
| mosses in what phylum |
bryophyte |
| liverworts in what phylum |
bryophyte |
| parasite transmitted by mosquito called |
sporazoan |
| sporazoan |
parasite transmitted by mosquito called |
| malaria caused by |
plasmodium |
| plasmodium |
malaria caused by |
| osteoartharitis |
wearing away of carilage as a person ages |
| wearing away of carilage as a person ages |
osteoartharitis |
| rheumatoid artharitis |
degenerative genetic disorder |
| degenerative genetic disorder causing wearing away of cartilage |
rheumatoid artharitis |
| osteoblast matures into |
osteoclast |
| plasma cells function |
antibody production (B-cell) |
| antibody production (B-cell) by |
plasma cells |
| mast cells function |
histamine release |
| histamine release by |
mast cells |
| allantois function |
store nitrogenous waste |
| most abundent RNA |
rRNA |
| least abundent RNA |
mRNA |
| anticodon bdd to codon by _ bond |
H-bond |
| relationsihp betw. lichen and algae eg of |
symbiosis (lichen protects, alga supplies food) |
| albumin contained in __ which __ |
plasma, maintain blood osmotic pressure |
| In antibody (immunoglobin), two heavy chains linked to two light chains by __ |
S-S |
| mullerian mimics |
group of organisms posessing the same yellow warning color, although phylogenetically unrelated |
| group of organisms posessing the same yellow warning color, although phylogenetically unrelated |
mullerian mimics |
| tannin |
unsatisfactory taste in plants |
| unsatisfactory taste in plants |
tannin |
| stem cells in bone marrow produce RBC via mitosis/meosis |
mitosis |
| 5 classes of immunoblobin |
IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD |
| helper t cell |
stimulate prod. of antibody by B cell |
| antigenic determinant |
site on antigen, where antibody bdd to |
| site on antigen, where antibody bdd to |
antigenic determinant |
| an egg has __ chromosome, __ chromatid |
23, 23 |
| nucleosome |
histone + DNA |
| histone + DNA |
nucleosome |
| complement system |
chemical defense system comprised of serum (complements immunme systme)_ |
| allopathic speciation |
speciation due to geographical isolation |
| speciation due to geographical isolation
|
allopathic speciation |
| sympatic speciation |
speciation due to ecological , genetic, behavioural barriers within SAME GEOG BOUNDING |
| speciation due to ecological , genetic, behavioural barriers within SAME GEOG BOUNDING |
sympatic speciation |
| genetic population bottleneck |
diaster wipes out large population. alles/freq of survivor doesn't represent the large population |
| diaster wipes out large population. alles/freq of survivor doesn't represent the large population |
genetic population bottleneck |
| protostome |
mollusca, arthropoda, annelids, mouth -> anus |
| oncotoic presure |
pull water into circulatory system |
| hydrostatic presure |
pull water out of circulatory system |
| zymogen |
inactive form of enzyme eg pepsinogen |
| inactive form of enzyme eg pepsinogen |
zymogen |
| spherical bacteria |
cocci |
| rod shape bacteria |
bacilli |
| helical bacteria |
spiralla |
| era's in order |
Peter Pan May Cry (Precambian, Paleozoic (first vertebrates, algae), Mesozoic (dino), Cenozoic |
| Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny |
not accepted theory, says embroynic stages repeat evolutionary history of species |
| plasmolysis |
cell shrink due to water loss |
| cell shrink due to water loss |
plasmolysis |
| sucrose composed of |
gluc + fruc |
| maltose comp of |
2 gluc |
| lactose comp of |
galac + gluc |
| T or F earliest organism heterotrophs were obligate aerobes |
F. obligate anaerobes |
| halophiles |
bacteria living in salty environmnet |
| mendel suggested 2 theories |
1. law of indep assortment
2. law of segregation |
| pyrimidine has _ ring |
1 |
| purine has _ ring |
2 |
| voice box |
larynx |
| head of bacteriophage, where DNA/RNA formed |
caspid |
| caspid |
head of bacteriophage, where DNA/RNA formed |
| interferons |
cytokine (glycoprotein), produced in response to viral attack |
| cytokine (glycoprotein), produced in response to viral attack |
interferons |
| algae in what kingdom |
protista |
| carrying capacity |
# of organisms that can be sustained by resources |
| pulse-chase exp |
use radioactive label on protein to detect what's happening to it |
| optically inactive AA |
glycine |
| ferns vascular or nonvascular |
vascular |
| mosses vascular or nonvascular |
nonvascular |
| in ferns spores produced from __ |
sporangia |
| clusters of sporangia |
sori |
| sori |
clusters of sporangia |
| sori found in |
ferns |
| source of sugar in photosynthesis |
CO2 |
| source of O2 in photosynthesis |
H2O |
| a map unit is |
1% recomb frequency |
| K-selected population |
low reproductive rate |
| R-selected population |
high reproductive rate eg bacteria |
| agonistic behaviours |
two animals compete |
| casparian strip |
waxy band in plant. |
| most CO2 in body in form of |
HCO3- |
| food and air cross over at |
phayrnx |
| buffer system in intracellular fluid |
H2PO4-, HPO42- |
| buffer system in extracellular fluid |
HCO3-, H2CO32- |
| reabsorbed glucose from intestine carried to liver by |
portal vein |
| capacitation |
required for egg penetration, fertilzation |
| protoplasm |
all material within cell |
| cytoplasm |
all material within cell - nucleus |
| organ system |
group of organs with related functions |
| aneurysm |
fluid filled buldge in weaked wall of artery |
| insulin causes cell to become more/less permeable to glucose |
more glut4 moved to surface allowing more gluc to move out of cell |
| true plastid |
chloroplast |
| plastid in plants or animals |
only in plants |
| smallest passages of lungs |
bronchiole |
| aquatic animals excrete |
ammonia |
| birds, reptiles, insects excrete |
uric acid |
| flagellum compose of |
MT + dynein, kinesin (9+2) |
| @ gastrula there are 3 layers, namely |
endo, ecto, meso |
| 3 layers of skin |
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous) |
| lipid bilayer symmetric or nonsymmetric |
nonsymmetric |
| lamarkian theory |
not accepted anymore, acquired trait passed down to offspring |
| before DNA, __ was the universal genetic code |
RNA |
| keratin |
fibrous protien, makes skin waterproof |
| mesenchyme |
stem cell for connective tissue |
| stem cell for connective tissue |
mesenchyme |
| cori cycle |
lactate->glucose |
| cori cycle occurs in what organ |
liver |
| FA synth occurs in what part of cell |
cytosol |
| primary protein modific site |
golgi |
| somatic cell nuclear transfer |
cloning technique, remove nucleus from somatic cell, implant into an egg |
| recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering) |
alter genome of an organism by having DNA transplanted in it, used to make insulin |
| plasmid |
double stranded, circular DNA |
| vector DNA |
DNA about to be altered |
| vector and donor DNA joined by |
DNA ligase |
| when vector and donar DNA joined, forms |
recombinant DNA |
| how insulin made via recombinant dna technology |
join vector and donor DNA, introduce this rec. DNA to E-coli. E-coli replicates this recombinant DNA and produeces insulin |
| when extrachromosomal gene becomes a part of main chromosome, its called |
episome |
| single gene affecting more than one phenotype |
pleiotrophy |
| pleiotrophy |
single gene affecting more than one phenotype |
| epstatic gene |
cover up expression of another gene |
| cover up expression of another gene |
epstatic gene |
| difference betw. epstasis and ordinary dominance |
epstasis involves 2 different genes, whereas ordinary dominance deals with same type of gene |
| acrosome |
cause breakdown of protective surface of egg |
| _ in sperm cause breakdown of protective surface of egg |
acrosome |
| introns are traanscribed but not translated T or F |
F neither transcribed nor translated |
| precursor to prokaryotes |
protobionts |
| operant conditioning |
reward & consequence(positive or negative) animal learns to associate action with consequence |
| 1 spermatogonia produces |
4 spermatozoa |
| secretion from prostate gland neutralizes ___ |
seminal fluid |
| blood travels slowest in |
capillary |
| first plant to have seeds |
gymnosperm |
| paramecium |
ciliated protozoa, contractile vacuole to remove H2O |
| in SDS, heavy protein appear on top/bottom light on top/bottom |
top, bottom |
| longest stage of cell cycle |
G1 |
| cell cycle in order |
G0, G1, S, G2, M |
| peptide hormone bdd on PM or in cell |
on PM |
| steroid hormone bdd on PM or in cell |
in cell |
| facultative anaerobe |
live with or without O2, but grow better in presence of O2 |
| O3 converts UV to __ |
heat |
| __behavior precedes mating |
courtship |
| mitoch in __ of sperm |
midpiece |
| __ of sperm comes in contact with __ of egg |
acrosome, zona pellucida |
| __ is the only AA capable of forming S-S |
cystein |
| degree and type of DNA coiling controlled by |
DNa topoisomer |
| ribosome has __ subunit |
2, each with rRNA and protein |
| valine |
non polar AA |
| western blotting |
identify protein |
| when protein denatured __ structures present |
primary |
| modif of protein occurs in |
RER and golgi |
| XX (female) has _ barr body |
1 |
| XY (male) has _ barr body |
0 |
| XXXXY has _ barr body |
3 |
| uric acid removed by |
kidney |
| bacterial phase |
lytic (virulent), lysogenic (provirus) |
| stages of bacterial growth (Curve) |
1. lag
2. exp. growth
3. plateau
4. death |
| penicillin affect on bacteria |
inhibit cell wall production |
| inclusions |
material, energy storage in bacteria |
| what kind of immune response does prion disease cause |
none |
| lipid absorbed in |
jejunum, illeum |
| compound light microscope used for |
viewing dead cell |
| phase contrast for |
viewing living cell |
| cell wall of prokaryotes composed of |
peptidoglycan |
| cell wall of fungi |
chitin |
| cell wall of plants |
cellulose |
| karyokenisis |
division of nucleus |
| hermaphrodites |
have functional male and female gondads |
| 3 binding sites on ribosome |
1 for mRNA
2 for tRNA (P and A sites) |
| disruptive selection |
eliminate intermediate, favor extreme |
| stabilizing selection |
favor intermediate, eliminate extremes |
| directional selection |
eliminate one extreme |
| bryophytes includes__, and have dominant __ stage |
mosses, liverwort, dominant gametophyte |
| angiosperm has dominant __ stage |
sprophyte |
| transformation in bacteria |
plasmid gets incorporated via recombination (episome) |
| conjugation in bacteria |
F factor transferred to F- |
| transduction in bacteria |
bacteriophage infects host cell |
| peritubular capillary |
absorb H2O from loop of Henle |
| murmur |
blood backflow caused by faulty heart valve |
| blood plasma |
all components in blood - RBC |
| reticular activating system |
startle response (involves complex reflexes) |
| startle response (involves complex reflexes) |
reticular activating system |
| birds and animals flock, or herd together an example of |
fixed action pattern |
| habituation |
repeated stimulation results in decreased responsiveness to stimuli |
| repeated stimulation results in decreased responsiveness to stimuli
|
habituation |
| recovering from habituation called |
spontaneous recovery |
| spontaneous recovery |
recovery of lost responsiveness to stimuli over time |
| pavlovian conditioning known as |
classical conditioning |
| classical conditioning aka |
pavlovian conditioning |
| response learned thru Pavlovian conditioning refered to as |
conditioned reflex |
| conditioned reflex |
classical conditioning |
| dog drooling at smell of food eg of |
innate reflex |
| after associating sound of bell to food, a dog salivates at the sound of bell alone. this is an eg of |
conditioned reflex |
| operant conditioning |
reward or reinforcement |
| reward or reinforcement conditioning aka |
operant conditioning |
| pavlovian conditioning involves |
associating neutral stimulus to a stimuli that is capable of triggering the response. ie. establishment of a new reflex |
| gradual elimination of response to stimuli due to lack of reinforcement |
extinction |
| recovery of conditioned response after extinction called |
spontaneous recovery |
| if light is not present during ___ visual effectors will not be developed properly. this is an eg of __ |
visual critical period, critical period. |
| the heirarchy among members of the same species |
pecking order |
| eg of autotrophic aerobes |
plants, autotrophic aerobes (glucose is synthesized + oxidative phosphorylation) |
| eg of autotrophic anaerobes |
chemosynthetic bacteria, (glucose synthesized + no O2 required to survive) |
| a group of cells with related function |
tissue |
| a group of organs with relatied function |
organ system |
| types of hormone |
peptide, steroid, tyrosine derived |
| euk, prok ribosomes |
euk - 80S,
prok - 70S |
| mutualism |
relation in which both organisms benefit |
| symbiosis |
mutualisitic, parasitic, commensal relationships |
| sperm has flagella or cilia |
flagella |
| atrial natiuretic peptide |
lowers blood volume |
| trypsin and chymotrypsin eg of __ enzyme which _ |
protease, degrade peptide |
| eg of hormones derived from tyrosine |
thyroid, E, NE |
| post trans modif of proteins occurs in |
golgi |
| prokaryotes have/lack chloroplast |
lack |
| auxin |
plant hormone responsible for tendency of plant to bend towrds light |
| plant hormone responsible for tendency of plant to bend towrds light |
auxin |
| heart from endo/ecto/meso |
meso |
| pollen |
male gametophyte |
| ferns in __ phylum |
pterophyte |
| pterophyte includes |
ferns |
| stomach digests/not digest protein |
digest |
| stomach digests/not digest carbs |
doesn't digest |
| amoeba in __ phylum |
protista |
| paramecium in__ phylum |
protista |
| paramecium has what kind of digestive system |
none |
| protista has what kind of digestive system |
none |
| annelids have what kind of digestive system |
one-way, mouth and anus |
| RNA has same seq base as __ of DNA |
sense strand |
| transcription starts at sense/anti-sense strand |
anti-sense |
| light rxn occurs in |
thylakoid |
| dark rxn aka, occurs in |
calvin cycle, stroma |
| during light rxn what happens? |
light E -> NADPT + ATP + O2 |
| during calvin cycle what happens |
CO2 incorporated to make G3P |
| Bacteria has how many origin of DNA replication |
1 |
| eukaryotes have how many origin of DNA replication |
many |
| helicase |
unwind DNA at replic fork |
| unwind DNA at replic fork |
helicase |
| topoisomerase |
release tension during unwinding |
| release tension during unwinding |
topoisomerase |
| promotor |
specific seq of DNA where RNA poly. attaches to start transcription |
| specific seq of DNA where RNA poly. attaches to start transcription |
promotor |
| monocot has how many cotyledon |
1 |
| parallel leaf vein |
monocot |
| net-like leaf vein |
dicot |
| dicot has how many cotyledon |
2 |
| __ have determinate cell cleavage |
protostome |
| __ have indeterminate cell cleavage |
deutrostome |
| seed plants |
gymnosperm @ angiosperm |
| modified apical meristem |
flower |
| __ give a rise to fruit |
ovary |
| T or F plastids are organelles that produce food |
T, eg. gluc. made in chloroplast via photosynthesis |
| ecosystem |
functional unit, comprising biotic and abiotic components |
| entropy: disordering of universe T or F |
F. it is a measure of unusuable energy |
| PGA -> PGAL during |
dark rxn |
| CO2 in water is acidic/basic |
acidic (produce H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-) |
| immune cells don't attack cells of its own body b/c |
body eliminates immune cells that react to self. |
| __ develops into placenta |
allantois |
| __ region of kidney has the lowest solute conc't |
cortex |
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