| Question |
Answer |
| This enzyme phosphorylates phosphorylase in glycogenolysis |
Phosphorylase kinase |
| Elevated cAMP binds to this enzyme and removes the inhibitory subunit |
Protein Kinase A |
| Hydrolyzes glycogen |
Phosphorylase |
| Remove phosphates on phosphorylase kinase and phsophorylase |
Protein phsophatases |
| Activates IP3, DAG and Ca2+ |
Phospholipase C |
| Stimulated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate 3 (IP3) |
Protein kinase C |
| Cleaves phosphodiester bonds |
Nuclease |
| A nuclease that cleaves at the end of a DNA strand and releases an dNMP |
Exonuclease |
| Hydrolyze nucleotides at either the 3' end or 5' end |
Exonuclease |
| Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 3' end |
3'->5' exonuclease |
| Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 5' end |
5'->3' exonuclease |
| Hydrolyze the phsophodiester bond in the middle of a DNA strand |
Endonucleases |
| Restriction enzymes are what kind of enzyme? |
Endonucleases |
| Forms a phosphodiester bond between the 3' OH and 5' phosphate |
DNA ligase |
| Unwinds DNA at the replication fork in E. coli |
Helicase |
| Adds negative supercoils ahead of replication fork in E. coli |
DNA gyrase |
| Synthesizes RNA Primer in E. coli |
Primase |
| Synthesizes the bulk of the DNA in E. coli |
DNA pol III |
| Removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps in E. coli |
DNA pol I |
| Sealse the nicks in E. coli |
DNA ligase |
| Requires a primer |
DNA polymerase |
| Responsible for priming synthesis in human cells |
DNA polymerase alpha |
| Synthesizes the bulk of both strands of DNA in human cells |
DNA polymerase delta |
| Synthesizes a short stretch of RNA and then extens this RNA in human cells to prime replication |
DNA polymerase alpha |
| Remove RNA and any incorrect DNA bases misincorporated by pol alpha in eukaryotic cells |
RNAse H1 and Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) |
| Move along the DNA backbone and scan for the presence of damaged bases |
N-glycosidases and AP endonucleases |
| Recognizes the absent base and clips the phosphodiester backbone on the 5' side of the AP site |
AP endonuclease |
| Recognizes AP sites that are created by ROS or formed spontaneously |
AP endonuclease |
| Scan by "base flipping" |
N-glycosidases |
| Removes a base if it recognizes damage to the base while "base flipping" |
N-glycosidases |
| Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template |
|
| Requires a DNA template, rNTPs and Mg++ |
RNA polymerase |
| Shaped like a "crab claw" with the acitve site located at the base of the groove between the two "pincers" |
RNA polymerase |
| Maintain negative supercoiling so that polymerase can move along the DNA strand in transcription |
Topoisomerases |
| Transcribes ribosomal RNA genes (with the exception of 5S RNA) in eukaryotes |
RNA pol I |
| Transcribes mRNAs and some small RNAs involved in splicing in eukaryotes |
RNA pol II |
| Transcribes tRNAs, 5S RNA and various small RNAs involved in splicing and RNA processing in eukaryotes |
RNA pol III |
| Forms a peptide bond between the P site peptide (carboxyl group) and the A site amino acid (NH3 group) |
Peptidyltransferase |
| Rate-limiting step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway |
Glucose-6-P Dehydrogenase (GPDH) |
| Rate-limiting step of the glycolysis |
Phosphofructokinase |
| Allow for interconversion of diasteromers |
Epimerase |
| Transfers a 3-carbon fragment from one sugar to another |
Transaldolase |
| Transfers a 2-carbon frament from one sugar to another |
Transketolase |
| Makes citrate from OAA and acetyl-CoA |
Citrate synthase |
| Reduces OAA to malate |
Malate dehydrogenase |
| Decarboxylates malate to pyruvate and generates NADPH |
Malic enzyme |
| Rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis (requires biotin) |
Acetyl CoA carboxylase |
| Presence of these enzymes in the liver are indicative of liver disease |
Alanine aminotransferase (ALP/SGPT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) |
| Increased levels of this enzyme in the blood is indicative of heart disease or myocardial infaction |
Creatine kinase |
| Fluorouracil is a suicide inhibitor of this enzyme |
Thymidylate synthase |
HHS Shrek
