| Question |
Answer |
| in the MEOS system, what enzyme is used? |
cytochrome p450 enzyme cyp2e1 |
| what is the cofactor in the meos system? is this molecule oxidized or reduced? |
nadph; oxidized |
| what can the liver make out of acetyl coa? |
go into tca, fa synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, ketone synthesis |
| how can nadh make energy? |
ox phos, various dehydrogenases |
| what tissues aside from liver can use acetate? |
kidney, heart, skeletal muscle |
| which adh isoenzyme has highest km in liver |
adh2 |
| excessive nadh increases what reactions? |
g-3-p production, lactate production, and malate production |
| excessive nadh decreases what reactions? |
tca activity, b-oxidation, and glycolysis |
| what is effect of excess acetaldehyde on protein? |
decrease synthesis, decrease lipoprotein synthesis, decrease lipoprotein export |
| why does ketoacidosis occur in high etoh intake? |
decrease tca cycle activity, decreased acetyl coa going into the tca cycle, increased use of acetate instead of ketones |
| why does gout occur in increased etoh levels? |
uric acid competes with lactate for excretion |
| why do carbon sources decrease for gluconeogenesis inhigh etoh levels? |
decreased alanine available, g-3-p not converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate |
| glutathione aside, how else do reactive oxygen species occur in increased etoh? |
increased cyp2e1 and increased p450 enzymes |
| where does the meos system occur? |
on the ER |
| which aldh is mitochondrial? which is major oxidizer of aldh? |
aldh2; aldh2 |
| decreased acetaldehyde clearance more commono in heterozygotes or homozygotes? |
homozygotes |
| high nadh levels may exceed liver's ability to oxidize via what pathway? |
oxidative phos |
| why does tca cycle activity decrease in high nadh? |
allosteric inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase |
| why does b-oxidation decrease in high nadh? |
not enough nad substrate |
| why does glycolysis activity decrease in high nadh? |
decreased g3pd activity due to lack of substrate |
| why does g3p activity increase in high nadh? |
can't go forward from dihydroxyacetone through glycolysis due to decreased g3pd activity |
| why does lactate production increase in high nadh? |
reaction uses increased nadh to move reaction from pyruvate to lactate |
| why does malate production increase in high nadh? |
malate comes from oxaloacetate due to nadh favoring that direction of the reaction |
| what things contribute to fatty liver? |
increased g3p activity and decreased b-oxidation result in increased trigylceride synthesis |
| in a pathological situation, what does acetaldehyde bind to? |
amino acids |
| what lipoprotein contributes to fatty liver? |
vldl |
| why does gluconeogenesis decrease in high nadh? |
decreased dihydroxyacetone, pyruvate, and alanine substrates |
BIOL3326 Forms
