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Neuroanatomy
HT and Limbic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The limbic system is responsible for responses such as ______, ______, ______ | behavior, drives, emotion |
| The limbic system is interposed between the ______ and the ______ | hypothalamus, cortex |
| The structures of the limbic system serve as a bridge between ______ and ______ responses to changes in the environment | autonomic, voluntary |
| The Hypothalamus is a small part of the _______ | diencephalon |
| The Hypothalamus coordinates _____ related behavior | drive |
| The Hypothalamus is designed to maintain out ______ environment ( homeostasis ) | internal |
| The Hypothalamic connections are in 3 principle categories: Imterconnections with the ____ system, outputs to the _____ gland, and interconnections with various visceral and somatic nuclei of the _____ and _____ | limbic, pituitary, brainstem and spinal cord |
| Hypothalamic general anatomy is subdivided longitudinally into 3 regions, the ______, _____, and _____ regions | anterior, tuberal, and posterior |
| The anterior region is above the _____ _____ | optic chiasm |
| The tuberal region is above and including the _____ _______ | tuber cinereum |
| The posterior region is located at the _____ _____ | mammillary bodies |
| The hypothalamus is further divided into _____ and _____ zones, fornix | medial, lateral |
| Hypothalmic functions include maintaining _____ and controlling the _____ _____ | homeostasis, pituitary gland |
| The pituitary gland secretes the _____ hormone (vasopressin) which retains water decreasing urine, and _____ which stimulates uterine contractions and milk production | antidiuretic, oxytocin |
| Hypothalamic centers have been implicated in ____, _____ behavior, regulating temperature, ___ motility, sexual activity, and numerous other functions. | feeding, drinking, gut |
| These behaviors can be elicited by stimulating the appropiate ______ structures as well. | brainstem |
| Hypothalamus when stimulated initiates _____ activity in other parts of the CNS, which in turn causes the behavior pattern. | neural |
| Many of these same behaviors can be elicited by stimulation of _______. | amygdala |
| Loosely oragnized and small therefore discrete lesions affecting specific functions are rare, lesions must be _____ to disrupt most hypothalamic function to see sxs | bilateral |
| Overall control of the ANS anteriorly: has ______ responses, posteriorly has ______ responses, there is an overlap of the two | parasympathetic, sympathetic |
| In animal studies anterior stimulation caused _____, cutaneous _____, decrease in body ______, bilateral lesions: unable to dissipate _____ | sweating, vasodilation, temperature, heat |
| In animal studies posterior stimulation caused cutaneous _______, shivering, increased _____, bilateral lesion: unable to ______ body temperature | vasoconstriction, temperature, regulate |
| In animal studies bilateral destruction to the ________ nucleus caused overeating | ventromedial |
| In animal studies bilateral destruction to the ____ _______( tuberal region ) caused no eating, potentially starve to death | lateral hypothalamus |
| Cats with bilateral destruction to the _______ nucleus over eat, get fat and become extremely nasty, hissing rages at the most innocuous stimuli | ventromedial |
| The limbic system is interposed between the ____ and the _____ | hypothalamus, cortex |
| The limbic system is originally thought to be involved with the sesnse of ____ | smell |
| Broca 1878 found a horseshoe shaped rim surrounding the junction between the ______ and ______ ______ | diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres |
| The base of the arc Broca found was joined by _____ areas with the _____ tract and bulb projecting anteriorly like a handle | olfactory, olfactory |
| We know the limbic system is used for _______ | memory |
| Limbic structures consist of _____ _____, _______ ____, _____, ______, and _____ _____ | cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, septal nuclei |
| Some include _______, _____ ____ formation, and _____ areas with the limbic structures. | hypothalamus, midbrain reticular, olfactory |
| Oversimplified circuit: ______ circuit is hippocampus --> fornix --> mammilary body --> anterior thalamic nucleus --> cingulate gyrus --> parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal cortex ) | Papez |
| The enthorhinal cortex: imputs from the _____, cingulate gyrus, orbital cortex, amygdala, and other areas of the ______ lobe. _______ receives almost all types of sensory information. | olfactory, temporal, hippocampus |
| The ________ is involved in explicit memomry, knowledge and remembering events. | hippocampus |
| Short term or working memory (procedural) comes from the ______ _____ | prefrontal cortex |
| Long term memory (declarative) comes from many places including Implicit: skills and habit --> ______, _______, and ______, emotional associations --> ________conditioned reflexes --> ________Explicit:Remembering events --> _______Knowing facts --> ______ | basal ganglia, motor cortex, cerebellum, amygdala, cerebellum, hippocampus, hippocampus |
| Hippocampus deficits unilateral lesions cause language related memory loss = _____ | anomia |
| Hippocampus deficits CA1 include _____ disease and _______ amnesia | alzheimer's, anterograde |
| Mammillary bodies are responsible for memory. ______ psychosis has intact intelligence, but unable to form new memories, makes up answers when asked questions. Also called amnestic confabulatory syndrome. | Korsakoff's |
| Because all outputs from hippocampus do not all travel through the ______, damage to this structure does not cause major impairments in memory. | fornix |
| ________ is located at the anterior end of the hippocampus | Amygdala |
| The Amygdala was considered at one time to be the part of the _____ _____. Amygdala has some inputs to the striatum. | basal ganglia |
| The Amygdala receives great deal of sensory inputs from several locations. ______ inputs are especially prominent. | olfactory |
| Amygdala projects to the ____ ____ and _____ | cerebral cortex, hypothalamus |
| The Amygdala attaches _____ relevance to experience, memories, and internal stimuli. | emotional |
| The Amygdala controls higher order modulation of the ______ | hypothalamus |
| The Amygdala aides in learning whether a fact is " ____" or "___" | good, bad |
| The Amygdala decides which facts become ______. Facts associated with strong emotion are more likely to be _______. | memory, remembered |
| Amygdala deficits include extreme behaviors, docility --> _____. Bilateral damage causes a large decrease in ________. | rage, aggression |
| ____ _____ syndrome - bilateral damage to temporal lobes, amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus. | Kulver Bucy |
| Some sxs of Kulver Bucy Syndrome are: psychic ______ (visual agnosia), ______ tendcies, ____ - approach all objects without caution, dietary habit changes - compulsive eating, ______ behavior without preference. | blindness, hyperoral, docility, hypersexual |
Created by:
txst fall 2008
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