| Question |
Answer |
| What are some symptoms that patient is in shock? |
Decreased Temperature, weak pulse, rapid heartbeat, hypotension, skin pallor |
| Why is anaphylactic shock the most frequently seen type of shock in radiography? |
Iodinated contrast agents are frequently used. |
| Early signs and symptoms of anaphylactic reaction are? |
Itching, tearing of eyes, apprehension |
| Symptoms of a partially obstructed airway may include? |
Labored, noisy breathing, wheezing, use of neck muscles to assist with breathing |
| If a patient appears to be fainting, the 1st thing you should do is what? |
Assist the patient to a safe position and then call for help. |
| What are some symptoms of cardiogenic shock? |
Loss of consciousness, decreased blood pressure, weak or rapid pulse |
| What are some signs of hypovelemic shock? |
Pallor, thirst, cold, clammy skin, restlessness |
| Define diaphoresis |
Profuse sweating |
| What is glucagon? |
Hormone secreted by islets of Langerhans in response to hypoglycemia or stimulation of growth hormone. |
| Define shock. |
Body's pathological reaction to illness, trauma, or severe physiologic or emotional stress. |
| What are the 3 stages of shock? |
Compensatory, Progressive and Irreversible |
| What are the 3 classes of shock? |
Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic , and Distributive (Vasogenic) |
| What is the cause of cardiogenic shock? |
It is caused by a failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the vital organs. |
| How does distributive shock occur? |
When the blood pools in peripheral blood vessel, resulting in decreased venous return of blood to the heart, decreased bp, and decreased tissue perfusion. |
| What are the 3 types of distributive shock? |
Neurogenic, Septic, and Anaphylactic |
| Name some causes of neurogenic shock. |
Spinal cord injury, insulin reaction or shock, anesthesia |
| What is the cause of septic shock? |
Gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria |
| Define anaphylactic shock? |
An exaggerated allergic reaction to re-exposure to an antigen that was previously encountered by the body's immune system. |
| What is another name for anaphylactic shock? |
Anaphylaxis |
| What are the most common causes of anaphylactic shock? |
Medications, iodinated contrast agents, and insect venoms |
| What are some of the causes of obstructive shock? |
Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, aterial stenosis, or tumors |
| Define pulmonary embolus. |
The blockage of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus or thrombi. |
| What are the 4 types of diabetes? |
Type I diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetes mellitus associated with other medical conditions, Gestational Diabetes |
| Type ___ diabetes mellitus occurs in persons younger than 30 year old. |
Type 1 |
| Type __ diabetes mellitus occurs in persons older than 40 year old. |
Type 2 |
| What are some causes of cerebral vascular accidents (CVA)? |
Blocked blood supply to brain, rupture of blood supply to brain, rupture of cerebral artery |
| What is a brain attack |
Stroke |
| Define Ileostomy |
Artificial opening (stoma) erected in small intestine (ileum) and brought to surface for evacuating feces. |
| Define radioisotope. |
Radioactive form of element used for diagnosis and treatment. |
| Define radionuclide. |
Radioactive nuclide that disintegrates with emission of electromagnetic radiation. |
| Define stoma. |
Opening in body created by bringing loop of bowel to skin's surface. |
| Name the 2 types of contrast agents. |
Negative and positive |
| What do negative contrast agents do? |
DECREASE organ density to produce contrast |
| What do positive contrast agents do? |
INCREASE organ density and improve visualization. |
| Name two negative contrast agents. |
Carbon dioxide, air |
| Name two positive contrast agents. |
Barium sulfate, Iodinated preps |
| What are the different routes of administration of barium sulfate? |
By mouth, by rectum, or by infusion |
| What eating instructions are given for a LGI? |
2 - 3 days before, eat a low-residue diet . |
| Does the patient decrease or increase fluid intake before the LGI? |
Increase (2 - 3 days before) |
| What is recommended 24 hours before a LGI? |
A clear liquid diet |
| What happens the afternoon before a LGI? |
10 ounces of magnesium citrate or equivalent is prescribed. |
| Is there any other prep needed the night before for a LGI? |
A cleansing enema should be used. |
| What is the most frequently used type of cleansing enemas? |
Saline, hypertonic, oil-retention, tap water and soapsuds enemas |
| The amount of solution prescribed for a saline or SS cleansing enema before barium studies of the LGI is usually ________ ml. |
1000 |
| The only safe soap to use for a cleansing enema is? |
Castile soap |
| When upper & lower GI series are scheduled, as the readiographer, you must schedule the UGI series first. T/F |
False |
| The type of cleansing enema prescribed for a pediatric patient would probably be? |
Saline enema |
| Why must a patient not smoke or chew gum before these exams? |
It increases gastric secretion, which may cause dilution of the contrast agent. |
| What are some adverse reactions to glucagon? |
Nausea, vomiting, hives, flushing |
| What are some adverse reactions to anticholinergic drugs? |
Dry mouth, thirst, tachycardia, urinary retention, blurred vision |
| How much barium does a patient drink for the UGI series or SBFT? |
14 to 16 ounces of flavored barium |
| If a patient is scheduled for an UGI and LGI using barium, which exam should be performed first? |
LGI is first because barium clears quicker |
| All radiographic exams that _____ contrast media should be scheduled _________. |
do not, first |
| Ultrasound exams are scheduled ________ GI exams using contrast agents. |
before |
| Thyroid scans must be done _______ exams using iodinated contrast agents |
before |
| Exams requiring patients to fast for 8 hours or more should be scheduled when? |
Early in the morning. |
| Priority scheduling is given to what age group/disease category? |
Pediatric, elderly, diabetes mellitus patients |
