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Speech Development 4
Mid-term Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| associative word learning? | children associate pictures or objects with words that are used to describe them |
| two theories of linking meaning and words? | prototype and developmental |
| prototype theory: | taking an original movement or situation and using the describing word of the event to describe a similar motion or situation |
| developmental theory: | first and second tier principles |
| first tier principle of developmental theory: | Words stand for objects, actions, events, etc. (for example: "ball" for throw or field) |
| second tier principle of developmental theory: | Children must use the words that other people use if they are going to communicate successfully. |
| categorical scope (2nd tier): | Similar objects are grouped together. (ex: A dog and cat might both be called "dog") |
| object scope (1st tier): | words refer to whole objects. (ex: dog refers to the whole animal, not the nose or tail individually) |
| First word factoids: | -appear around 12 months -are usually nouns -the majority are learned by observation and NOT by direct instruction -represent the world the child is familiar with |
| Two strategies for learning first words: | social (expressive: greetings, verbs) and things (referential: nouns, names) |
| Semantic categories: | existence, nonexistence, recurrence, rejection, denial, attribution, possession, action, locative action |
| Denial: | “no” to negate the content of a prior utterance |
| Rejection: | “no” to oppose “an action or refuse an object . . .” |
| Recurrence: | “more” to mean “I want another.” |
| Nonexistence: | “no” to mean that an “entity is not present though expected.” |
| Existence: | “here” meaning that the child is indicating that something exists. |
| Attribution: | “hot” to describe a hot surface. Words that describe attributes of persons, objects, etc. |
| Possession: | “mine” spoken while holding an object, as in “mommy” holding up mom’s shoe and meaning this is mom’s shoe. |
| Action: | “open” while opening a box. This category describes actions or movements. |
| Locative action: | “up” while getting out of a chair; action associated with change of location by person or object. |
| Semantic relations | "doggie bed" meaning the dog's bed, or the dog is in bed, or the dog is tired... |
Created by:
deezer
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