| Abdomen Review |
Answer |
| What are the breathing instruction for an abdominal radiograph? | Suspended expiration |
| Which body plane is centered to the midline of the IR for an abdominal radiograph? | Midsagittal |
| Which organ produces bile? | Liver |
| Which body function does the pancreas perform? | Production of digestive juices |
| Which organ stores and concentrates bile? | Gallbladder |
| Which substance activates muscular contraction of the gallbladder? | Cholecystokinin |
| The spleen is part of which body system? | Lymphatic |
| In which organ are clusters of islet cells found? | Pancreas |
| How many major lobes does the liver have? | Two |
| Which structure forms the mesentery and omenta folds? | Peritoneum |
| Which organ's blood is supplied by the portal vein? | Liver |
| Which duct is formed by the merging of the right and left hepatic ducts? | Common hepatic |
| Which duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct with the common hepatic duct? | Common bile |
| Where do the pancreatic and common bile ducts terminate? | Duodenum |
| Which duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct? | Cystic |
| Which 3 projections usually comprise the acute adbomen series for ambulatory patients? | Supine KUB, AP upright abdomen, PA chest |
| Why is it desirable to include the diaphragm in the upright abdominal x-ray? | To demonstrate free air in the abs |
| Which projection should be used to demonstrate free air within the ab cavity when the patient is unable to stand for an upright ab x-ray? | AP projection, left lateral decubitus position |
| Which projection does not demonstrate free air levels within the abdomen? | AP projection with the patient supine |
| What is the major advantage of the PA projection of the abdomen over the AP projection of the abdomen? | PA projection reduces exposure dose to the gonads. |
| Which x-ray position of the abs requires the patient to be supine with the CR directed to a lateral side of the patient, entering slightly anterior to the MCP? | Dorsal decubitus |
| For the lateral projection with the patient placed in the dorsal decubitus position, where should the CR enter the patient? | 2 inches anterior to the MCP and 2 inches above the level of the iliac crests. |
| Which structures should be examined to see whether the patient was rotated for a lateral projection of the abdomen? | Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae |
| Define cholangiography. | The radiographic study of the bilary ducts. |
| Which of the following is indicated for patients with jaundice and dilated biliary ducts? | PTC |
| Which of the following is used to detect residual stones in the biliary ducts? | T-tube cholangiography |
| Air bubbles present in the T-tube during cholangiography can mimic what? | Cholesterol stones |
| What position is the patient placed in for postoperative cholangiographic images? | RPO |
| Which of the following is indicated when the biliary ducts are not dilated and the ampulla is not obstructed? | ERCP |
| Name 5 structures found in the abdominal cavity. | Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas, Kidneys |
| Name the 4 structures found in the pelvic cavity. | Rectum, Bladder, Reproductive organs, Sigmoid of large intestine |
| The abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed within what? | Peritoneum |
| What is the outer portion of the peritoneum called? | Parietal Peritoneum |
| What is the inner portion of the peritoneum called? | Visceral Peritoneum |
| What is the space between the 2 layers of peritoneum called? | Peritoneal cavity |
| What is the largest gland in the body? | The liver |
| What is the function of the spleen? | To produce lymphocytes and to store and remove dead/dying RBCs |
| What does PTC stand for? | Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography |
| Which AP abdomen position (supine or upright) is preferred for most initial exams? | Supine |
| Where is the CR centered for an upright PA abdomen x-ray? | 2 inches above the level of the iliac crests |
| Why is ERCP used? | To diagnose biliary and pancreatic patholgical conditions |
| How is ERCP performed? | By passing a fiberoptic endoscope orally into the duodenum under fluroscopic control. |
| For a right or left dorsal decubitus position with a lateral projection, where is the CR directed? | Horizontal and perpendicular to the center of the IR, entering the midcoronal plane 2 inches above the level of the iliac crests. |
| For the left lateral decubitus position with an AP projection, where is the CR directed? | Horizontal and perpendicular to the midpoint of the IR. |
| Cholecystography | Study of gallbladder |
| Cholegraphy | Study of biliary system |
| What do the pancreas produce? | Insulin, Glucagon |
| What is the purpose of the portal vein and hepatic artery? | To deliver blood to the liver |
| Porta hepatis | Hilum of the liver. |
| Falciform ligament | Divides liver into small left lobe and large right lobe. |
| Pneumoperitoneum | Presence of air in peritoneal cavity. |
| Cholelithiasis | Presence of gallstones |
| Choledocholithiasis | Calculus in common bile duct. |
| Cholecystitis | Acute or chronic inflammation of gallbladder. |
| If free air is suspected on a patient, which positions could be performed? | Upright; Left lateral decubitus |
| What organ occupies most of the right hypochondrium and the epigastrium regions of the abdomen? | The liver |
| What is formed when the right and left hepatic ducts join together? | The common hepatic duct |
| What hormone activates muscular contractions of the gallbladder? | Cholecystokinin |
| What is another name for the ampulla of Vater? | Hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| The spleen is part of which body system? | Lymphatic |
| What does deglutition mean? | Swallowing food |
| What is the name of the main bile duct leading directly from the liver? | Hepatic duct |
| What is the name of the opening in the proximal end of the stomach? | Cardiac orifice |
| What is the name of the organ that lies within the duodenal loop? | Pancreas |
| Which of the following abdominal organs produces and secretes digestive enzymes? | Pancreas |
| What is the name of the proximal portion of the stomach? | Fundus |
| Where does the majority of food digestion take place? | Small intestine |
| What is the name of the duct that transports bile from the gallbladder? | Cystic duct |
| In the HYPERSTHENIC patient, where does the stomach lie? | High and Horizontal |
| The gallbladder will be located near the vertebrae in which body habitus type? | Asthenic |
| What is the name of the flexure that lies between the transverse colon and the descending colon? | Splenic |
| What is the name of the mucosal folds that are visible when the stomach is empty? | Rugae |
