Question | Answer |
Gram +, Acid fast bacteria | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobaterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium-intracllulare complex, Mycobacterium leprae |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Labs | Acid fast stain of sputum smear, CXR, PPD, Catalase +, Reduces nitrate |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Toxins | Abundant peptide antigens; Survives acidic, alkaline, or drying condition and resists disinfectants; Can have isoniazid resistance |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Diseases | Primary, Secondary, or Miliary Tuberculosis, Extra-pulmonary TB |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Treatment | Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Transmission | Respiratory droplets |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Vaccine | BCG- not available in the U.S. |
Mycobacterium bovis: Labs | Acid fast stain of sputum smear, Sputum culture, CXR, Positive PPD |
Mycobacterium bovis: Toxins | Multiple peptide antigens; Survives acidic, alkaline, or drying conditions and resists disinfectants |
Mycobacterium bovis: Diseases | Tuberculosis |
Mycobacterium bovis: Treatment | Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide |
Mycobacterium bovis: Transmission | Ingestion of raw milk; respiratory droplets |
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Labs | Acid fast stain of sputum smear, Sputum cultures, CXR; PPD may be positive |
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Toxins | Opportunistic pathogen; Survive in acidic, alkaline, and drying conditions |
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Diseases | Pulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised patients; Disseminates to every organ and can be fatal in months |
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Treatment | Rifampin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin |
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: Transmission | Opportunistic infection |
Mycobacterium leprae: Labs | Lepromin skin test, Serology |
Mycobacterium leprae: Toxins | Capsule, Intracellular survival within skin histocytes and Schwann cells |
Mycobacterium leprae: Diseases | Tuberculoid Leprosy, Lepromatous Leprosy, Borderline Leprosy |
Mycobacterium leprae: Treatment | Dapsone, Rifampin, Clofazime |
Mycobacterium leprae: Transmission | Respiratory droplets, Close personal contact, Dermal trauma |