Question | Answer |
Pathogens do what 3 things well? | Multiply in large numbers, cause obstuction and tissue damage, secrete exotoxins |
4 categories of pathogens are | Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, and Protozoa |
Illness due to pathogens depend on what three factors? | 1. Environmental State 2. # and stregnth of invading pathogens 3. Ability of host to resist invasion |
Cycle of infection | 1. Infectionous organism 2.Reserviour of infection 3. Susceptable Host 4. Transmission of disease |
Direct contact | host is touched by infectious organism |
Indirect | dz is spread by fomite or vector |
Fomite | Object that has come in contact with an infected organism |
Vector | Carrier, animal or insect, that transfers and infection form one host to another |
Airborne Contamination | dust containing spores, or droplet nuclei |
Droplet Contamination | When infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings in vicincity of susceptable host. |
Body's defense against infection | 1. Natural resistance (skin and mucous membranes) 2. Inflammatory response 3. Acquired immunity |
Nosocomial Infection | MRSA, C. diff |
Medical Asepsis | Reduces the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted |
Microbial Dilution | Process of reducing the # of organisms ex. handwashing, cleanliness, 1:10 bleach sol when cleaning surfaces |
Surgical Asepsis (sterilization) | complete removal of all organisms and their spores |
Methods of sterilization | 1. Chemical 2. Dry Heat 3. Gas Sterilization 4. Autoclaving (most common in hospitals) |
Standard Precautions | 1996- blood, pertain to all body fluids, secretions and excretions. |
Airborne precautions | RT wears N95 mask, gloves |
Droplet Precautions | Mask and gloves |
Contact Precautions | Gloves and Gown |
Enteric precautions | precautions against fecal material |
Portable Radiography of Isolated Patients | Clean RT- Handles Equipment Dirty RT- Handles Pt |
Portable Radiography of Compromised Patients | Clean RT- Handles Pt Dirty RT- Handles Equipment |
HIV/AIDS | -Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -Sexual contact, blood/body fluid, needles, mother to fetus -brief period of flu-like symptoms -ends in night sweats, oral infections, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, & low grade fever |
Hepatitis | -B,C,D,G transmitted through blood -Symptoms are jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loa, NVD |
Tuberculosis | Spread through airborne droplet nuclei - symptoms are cough, fever, chills, loa, fatigue, night sweats. |