| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| palpation | to examine or explore by touching |
| palpation involves (3 things) | locating a structure, becoming aware of its characteristics, assessing its quality or condition |
| rolling and strumming | rolling fingers or thumb across instead of along |
| palpation method for part of a body that is moving | keep hand still to feel for movement |
| palpation of a body part that is still | move your hand (rolling or strumming) along its edges |
| active movement | client actively moves their body while you palpate or observe the movement |
| passive movement | client is relaxed while you move their body |
| resisted movement | client attemps to move while you resist the movement |
| number of sensory receptors in skin | 600,000 |
| number of nerve endings in every square inch of fingertiip | 50,000 |
| three hints on palpation | move slowly, avoid excessive pressure, focus awareness on what you are feeling |
| skin | gest organ of the body, weighing nearly 10 percent of total body weight |
| average thickness of skin | 1/20 of an inch |
| thinest skin of body | eyelids, 1/500 of an inch |
| bone | bone shape and rigidity are constant unlike muscles which can transform from soft to hard to soft again |
| muscle | volentary contractile tissure that moves the skeleton |
| epimysium | wraps a muscle |
| perimysium | wraps bundles of fibers within a muscle |
| endomysium | wraps individual muscle fibers |
| periosteum | wraps bone and connects to tendons |
| three distinguishing characteristics of muscle | 1muscle has a striated texture 2 fibers can be parallel, convergent, or diagonal 3 it can be contracted or relaxed |
| prime mover | muscle that performs the action |
| synergist | muscles that support the prime mover |
| antagonists | muscles which resist the actionof the prime mover |
| tendon | attach muscle to bone, can become taut or relax |
| ligament | connects bone to bone, always taut |
| fascia | dense connective tissue, beneath the skin and around muscles and organs |
| types of fascia | superficial and deep |
| Retinaculum | structure that holds an organ or tissure in place |
| Retinaculum | a transverse thickening of the deep fascia which straps tendowns down in a praticular location or position |
| Retinaculum are | superficial and perpendicular to tendons |
| Occlude | obstructed especially relating to arteries |
| Palpation near arteries and veins | do not apply direct pressure (do not occlude) be gently and carefull near major arteries and veins |
| Bursa | small fluid filled sac that reduces friction between two structures |
| Number of bursa in the body | around 600 |
| location of bursa | between two mucsles, two tendons, a tendon and a ligament, or a muscle and a ligament and cushions skin, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and organs from bone |
| Bursitis | inflamation of the bursa, accompanied by tenderness and crepitation of the joint |
| Palpation hints | bursa in not usually palpable except for in bursitis where they can become visible |
| William Harvey | first experimental scientist, discovered that blood circulates throughout body, came up with a description of cardiovascular system including valves in viens |
| plexuses | bundle of nerves |
| Nerve Vessels | tube shaped, mobile, and tender when compressed |
| Palpation Hints on Nerves | best avoid palpation of nerves due to sharp shooting sensation pressing on nerves may create |
| Lymph Nodes | collect lymphatic fluid, bean shaped and range in size from pea to almond, slightly movable and nontender |
| Palpation Hints of Lymph Nodes | lymph nodes are palpable in groups such as in the neck, axilla, and groin |
| Adipose Tissue | loose connective tissue |
| locations of adipose tissue | around kidneys, around joints, behind eyes, in subcutaneous tissue |
