Question | Answer |
Gene | a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein |
Translation | MRNA changing one thing to another because of a signal |
Messenger RNA | Travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the information in the copy is used to construct a protein by means of translation |
Transfer RNA | RNA that attaches to individual amino acids and transports them to the ribosomes where they are connected to form a protein polypeptide chain |
Transcription | Copies the proteins |
Ribosomal RNA | RNA that is associated with certain proteins to form ribosomes |
Condons | sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid in a protein |
Cell division | process in making new cells for the body mitosis and meiosis formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell |
Diploid number | the 46 chromosomes in the human body |
Autosomes | the remaining 22 chromosomes |
Mitosis | all cells of the body except those that give rise to sex cells, 2 step process, replicated and divided |
Replication | the duplication of cells in mitosis |
Interphase | the period between active cell divisions during which DNA is replicated |
Chromatin | thin strands of DNA throughout the nucleus |
What are the stages in mitosis | prophase metaphase, anaphase telophase |
prophase | first stage in mitosis spindle fibers extend from the centrioles to the centromeres |
Metaphase | second stage in mitosis the chromosomes align near the center of the cell |
Anaphase | the 3rd step of mitosis, centromeres separate, sets of chromosomes moved to the centriole at the poles of the cell |
Telophase | the last stage in mitosis, the chromosomes in the daughter cells organize to form 2 seperate nuclei. |
Meiosis | sex cells are formed. cells go through 2 divisions resulting in 4 nuclei |
What are the stages in Meiosis | early prophase 1 middle prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 telephase 1 |
Haploid | half the number of chromosomes found in other body cells |