Question | Answer |
Organelle | Structures inside of the cell |
What is the 6 functions of cells | Basic unit of life, protection and support, movement, communication, cell metabolism and energy release, inheritance |
Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane | outermost component of a cell, forms a boundary, protects cell |
Extracellular substance | substances outside the cell |
Intracellular Substance | substances inside the cell |
Mosaic Model | a structural model of the arrangement of molecules in a cell membrane |
Nucleus | cell organelle containing most of the genetic material of the cell, center of a atom with protons and neutrons |
Nucleolus | rounded dense, well defined bodies with no surrounding membrane, units of ribosomes are manufactured here |
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) | in cytoplasm, many attached ribosomes, site of protein synthesis |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) | in cytoplasm, site of lipid synthesis |
Golgi Apparatus | in cytoplasm, modifies protein structure and packages proteins in secretory vesicles |
Lysosomes | in cytoplasm, contains enzymes that digest material taken into cells |
Mitochondrion | the powerhouse, in cytoplasm, site of aerobic respiration and the major site of ATP synthesis |
Microtubules | in cytoplasm, supports cytoplasm, assists in cell division and forms components of cilia and flagella |
Cilia | On cell surface with many on each cell they move substances over surface of certain cells |
Flagella | On sperm cell surface with one per cell, propels the sperm cells |
Microvilli | extension of cell surface with many on each cell increase surface area of certain cells |
Ribosomes | small spherical cytoplasmic organelle where protein synthesis occurs |
Cytoskeleton | the collection of microtubules microfilaments and intermediate filaments that support the cytoplasm and organelles also involved with cell movements |
What are 4 ways molecules can pass through the cell membrane | Directly through the phospholipid membrane, membrane channels, carrier molecules and vesicles |
Solution | mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent |
Solutes | dissolved substance in a solution |
Solvent | liquid that holds a other substance in solution |
Diffusion | tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to a area of lower concentration in a solution the product of the constant random motion of all atoms ions or molecules in a solution |
Concentration gradient | the measure of the difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points |
Osmosis | diffusion of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration |
Osmotic pressure | force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
Hypotonic | solution that causes cells to swell |
Isotonic | solution that causes cells to neither shrink or swell |
Hypertonic | solution that causes cells to shrink |
Facilitated Diffusion | carrier mediated process that does not require ATP and moves substances into or out of cells from a higher to lower concentration |
Active transport | carrier mediated process that requires ATP and can move substances into or out of cells from a lower to a higher concentration |
Sodium potassium exchange pump | moves sodium ions out of the cells and potassium ions into cells |
Endocytosis | bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane by taking it into a vesicle |
Exocytosis | Eliminaton of material from a cell through the formation of cells |
Glycolysis | anaerobic process during which one glucose molecule is converted to 2 pyruvic acid molecules, a net of 2 ATP molecules is produced during Glycolysis |
Aerobic Respiration | breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and about 38 ATP molecules includes glycolysis the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain |
Anerobic Respiration | breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid and 2 ATP molecules consists of glycolysis and the reduction of pyruvic acid to lactic acid |