| Question | Answer |
| 4 Common Causes of Respiratory Acidosis | Asthma
Bronchitis
Obesity
Sedatives/ Anesthetics |
| Buffers and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation | -Resists changes in pH
-Weak acid + Conjugate base; Most effective in pH range closely surrounding pKa of the acid;
-pH= pKa+log[A]/[HA] |
| Lungs and Kidneys working together on pH | -Lungs control carbon dioxide and can raise or lower via hypo/hyperventilation if kidneys fail or aren’t performing properly
–Kidneys control Carbonate (HCO3) and can also compensate for lungs if not functioning properly, but takes longer |
| Effect on pH of increased [H] | -pH is decreased
–pH=log[H] or 1/[H] |
| 3 common causes of respiratory alkalosis | -Anxiety/Pain
–High Altitude
–Mechanical hyperventilation |
| pH > pKa
pH < pKa
pH = pKa | -Base form predominates
–Acid form predominates
–[A]=[HA]; 50% acid dissociated |
| Buffers and the pH of blood and interior of cell | Blood=CO2/Bicarbonate (pH:7.35-7.45)
– CO2 g <> CO2 d + H2O <> H2CO3 <> H + HCO3
-*Hemoglobin also acts as a buffer
Cell= Organic phosphate (pH: 6.9-7.4; avg pH 7.1) *inorganic phosphate model H3PO4H2PO4<7.2>HPO4<12.6>PO4 |
| pH of Blood when OH is added/decreased and when H is added/taken away | -Addition of OH and H effect [HCO3]
– Adding OH increases [HCO3], increasing pH and vice versa
– Adding H decreases [HCO3], decreasing pH and vice versa
* 1 HCO3 consumed per H added |
| Open system used to buffer blood (H-H of blood) | CO2 and H2CO3 <> H + HCO3 are controlled independently –concentration of one does not affect the other in a direct way –pH change is less dramatic *pH-610 + log[HCO3]/[CO2 d] |
| Hypoventilation vs Hyperventilation | -hypoventilation slows respiratory rate, raising Pco2 and lowering pH
–hyperventilation increases respiratory rate, lowering Pco2 and raising pH |
| CO2 and HCO3 acid-base imbalances and the process of occurrence | -CO2 imbalances=respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
–HCO3 imbalances= Metabolic acidosis and Alkalosis
– Alkalemia= process of raising the pH
–Acidemia= process of lowering the pH |
| 4 common causes of metabolic alkalosis | -Acute alkali administration (antacids)
–Vomiting
–Gastric aspiration
–Diuretics |
| 3 common causes of metabolic acidosis | -Renal failure
–Methanol poisoning
–Diabetic ketoacidosis |
