| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| Name 3 Types of Mm and are they volentary or involentary? | cardio involentary, smooth involentary, skeletal volentary |
| How are muscles named + example (7pts) | 1.location - temporal
2. shape - deltoid
3.relative size - longus
4.direction - rectus
5. number - quad
6.location of attachment-sternocleidomastoid (origin is always first)
7. action - Flexor |
| prime mover | the m. that provides the major force for producing a specific movement |
| antagonist | Mm that oppose or reverses a particular movement |
| fixator | when a synergist immobilise a bone or a muscle's orgin |
| circular fascicle arrangement (FA) | concentric rings surrounding external body opening - orbicularis oris |
| convergent FA | converge toward a signle tendon, usually fan or trianular shaped - pecotralis major |
| parallel FA | fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle, strap like in shape- sartorious |
| fusiform FA | fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle, but also have a belly - biseps brachii |
| unipennate + example | insert into only one side of the tendon - extensor digitorum longus |
| bipennate + example | insert in the the tendon from opposite sides, so that the muscle "grain" resembles a feather-
rectus femoris |
| multipennate + example | looks like many feathers side by side - deltoid |
| Tonic | constant state of contraction |
| Flaccid (what is the oposite of) | Tonic (what is the opposits of ) |
| 3 prefixes for Mm | myo, mys, sarco (meaning: flesh) |
| Skeletal m. moves what | bones and facial skin |
| muscle function (4 pts) | movement, maintains posture, produces heat, stabilzing joints |
| in order layers of Mm connective tissue | epimyosium, perimyosium, endomyosium |
| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibre |
| muscle insertion | moves the moveable bone towards the less move able bone (foreare to sholder) |
| muscle origin | attachment site on the less moveable bone |
| actin | protein of thin filiment in muscle fibre |
| myocin | protein of thick filiment in muscle fibre |
| sliding filiment theory | overlapping muscle fibers of thick and thin filaments of fixed length slide past each other in an energy requiring process, resulting in muscle contraction |
| motor unit | A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates. |
| Levels of organization in the Nervous System | A)(NS) Nervous System
B)CNS-Central Nervous System/PNS-Peripheral NS C)Sensory(Afferent)/ Motor (Efferent) D)Autonomic(invol.cardiac,smooth M. & glands)/Somatic (vol.skel.M.)
E){of autonomic) Sympathitic /Parasympathic (rest and digest) |
| Name the 2 catagories of contractions of M. | isotonic and isometric |
| 2 types of isometric contractions | concentric and eccentric contractions |
| isotonic contractions | M. length changes, decreasing the angle at the joint, moving load. |
| isometric contraction | M. is put to its peek tention, but does not lengthen or shorten. Think of trying to move a piano with one hand |
| Concentric contraction | M shortens and does work-picking up a book |
| Eccentric contractons | generates forse as it lengthens- calf M. while walking up hill |
