CDI Thunder Bay - Anatomy Quiz 2 Review, Dec.5, Dr. Alex

Question	Answer
Name 3 Types of Mm and are they volentary or involentary?	cardio involentary, smooth involentary, skeletal volentary
How are muscles named + example (7pts)	1.location - temporal 2. shape - deltoid 3.relative size - longus 4.direction - rectus 5. number - quad 6.location of attachment-sternocleidomastoid (origin is always first) 7. action - Flexor
prime mover	the m. that provides the major force for producing a specific movement
antagonist	Mm that oppose or reverses a particular movement
fixator	when a synergist immobilise a bone or a muscle's orgin
circular fascicle arrangement (FA)	concentric rings surrounding external body opening - orbicularis oris
convergent FA	converge toward a signle tendon, usually fan or trianular shaped - pecotralis major
parallel FA	fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle, strap like in shape- sartorious
fusiform FA	fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle, but also have a belly - biseps brachii
unipennate + example	insert into only one side of the tendon - extensor digitorum longus
bipennate + example	insert in the the tendon from opposite sides, so that the muscle "grain" resembles a feather- rectus femoris
multipennate + example	looks like many feathers side by side - deltoid
Tonic	constant state of contraction
Flaccid (what is the oposite of)	Tonic (what is the opposits of )
3 prefixes for Mm	myo, mys, sarco (meaning: flesh)
Skeletal m. moves what	bones and facial skin
muscle function (4 pts)	movement, maintains posture, produces heat, stabilzing joints
in order layers of Mm connective tissue	epimyosium, perimyosium, endomyosium
fascicles	bundles of muscle fibre
muscle insertion	moves the moveable bone towards the less move able bone (foreare to sholder)
muscle origin	attachment site on the less moveable bone
actin	protein of thin filiment in muscle fibre
myocin	protein of thick filiment in muscle fibre
sliding filiment theory	overlapping muscle fibers of thick and thin filaments of fixed length slide past each other in an energy requiring process, resulting in muscle contraction
motor unit	A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates.
Levels of organization in the Nervous System	A)(NS) Nervous System B)CNS-Central Nervous System/PNS-Peripheral NS C)Sensory(Afferent)/ Motor (Efferent) D)Autonomic(invol.cardiac,smooth M. & glands)/Somatic (vol.skel.M.) E){of autonomic) Sympathitic /Parasympathic (rest and digest)
Name the 2 catagories of contractions of M.	isotonic and isometric
2 types of isometric contractions	concentric and eccentric contractions
isotonic contractions	M. length changes, decreasing the angle at the joint, moving load.
isometric contraction	M. is put to its peek tention, but does not lengthen or shorten. Think of trying to move a piano with one hand
Concentric contraction	M shortens and does work-picking up a book
Eccentric contractons	generates forse as it lengthens- calf M. while walking up hill

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