Question | Answer |
How did the Ming government attempt to stabilize China following the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty? | Return China to its original roots (Neo-Confucianism, Patriarchy) |
Compare Qing (Ching) governing philosophies and techniques to those of their Ming predecessors. | Qing overthrew Ming dynasty No change |
What was the main component of the Chinese civil service exams? | Civil service exams |
How did patriarchy change under the Ming and Qing dynasties? | Patriarchal authority over females became tighter. |
Why did Christian missionaries fail to attract many converts in China? | because of its exclusivity (most were unwilling to accept Christianity as the only true religion) |
How did the peace brought by the Tokugawa affect Japan's social class structure? | Samurai-daimyo class become less important when the Tokugawa had come |
Explain "native learning." | Indigenous ideas of Japan |
What ethnic commonality did the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal dynasties all share? | All claimed descent from Turks |
How were the Janissaries selected? | depshirme **hopefully spelled correctly** |
How did the religious make-up of the Mughal empire compare with that of the Ottoman or Safavid empires? | Ottoman – overwhelming Muslim Safavid – overwhelming Islam Mughal – majority were Hindu |
How did Akbar deal with the tensions that arose from India's great religious diversity? | Encouraged the elaboration of a syncretic religion called the “Divine faith” |
The Ottoman sultanate attempted to ban _____ and _____ because religious moralists strongly objected to their stimulating effects. | Tobacco and coffee |
Sikhism was a syncretic combination of . . . | Hinduism and Islam |
Who are the dhimmi? | Conquered peoples who didn’t need to convert to Islam but were extended to a status of protected peoples |
What was the "Divine Faith?" | Focused attention on the emperor as a ruler common to all the religious, ethnic, and social groups of India. |
What was Fatehpur Sikri? | Akbar had it built as the new capital of the Mughal empire; deserted due to lack of water |
How were the Safavids culturally different from their Ottoman neighbors? | Shia Islam (sp twelver Shiism) vs. the Sunni sect in the Ottoman empire |
From what group did the Cossacks come? | Peasants that were responsible for keeping newly conquered lands to Russia |
The main political and cultural influence on Russia was . . . | Byzantium |
The main obstacle to Ivan IV's attempts at centralization was . . . | Slaves, Russian nobility, |
What was "westernization?" With which czar is it most strongly associated? | Arts (i.e. ballet), literature, and ideas; Catherine II |
How did the policies of westernization reform the economy? | Military, bureaucratic, and social reform |
What was the Charter of Nobility? | Nobles gained rights to deploy laborers as they saw fit, lecy taxes on serfs attached to their lands, and administer punishments through courts that they controlled |
Why would peasants want to migrate to Siberia? | They were no longer serfs when the crossed the border; had freedom |
What degree of independence did Russian women have? | Women had property rights and took responsibility for arranging marriages |
During the 17th and 18th centuries, how did Russia differ from Western Europe in terms of social classes? | Serdom was decreasing due to the decline of feudalism in Europe while it was increasing in Russia @ the same time. |